Approach to thromboelastography-based transfusion in cirrhosis: An alternative perspective on coagulation disorders

Table 3 Procedural bleeding risk in patients with cirrhosis

High-risk procedures	Intermediate-risk procedures	Lower-risk procedures
Intrabdominal/orthopedic/cardiac surgery	Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy	Paracentesis
Brain or spinal surgery	Percutaneous or transjugular liver biopsy	Thoracentesis
Intracranial catheter insertion	Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt	Central line placement
Endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection	Endoscopy (e.g., percutaneous gastrostomy placement, cystogastrostomy, biliary sphincterotomy)	Endoscopy (e.g., diagnostic, variceal ligation, uncomplicated polypectomy)
Complicated polypectomy	Percutaneous biopsy of extra-hepatic organ or lesions	Cardiac catheterization
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery	Trans-arterial or percutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma therapies	Hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement
	Lumbar puncture