Clinical impact of artificial intelligence-based solutions on imaging of the pancreas and liver

Table 3 Summary of the works proposed to predict patient prognosis using artificial intelligence

Anatomical area	Pathology	Modality	AI model	What is prognosed?	Ref.
Liver	HCC	CT	ANN	Progression of hepatectomized patients with HCC	[85]
			CNN	Early recurrence of HCC	[88]
				Response to transarterial chemoembolization for patients with intermediate-stage HCC	[89]
			LASSO Cox regression	Early recurrence of HCC	[90]
				Recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation	[91]
				Recurrence of HCC after resection	[118]
		MRI	LR, RF	Response to intra-arterial treatment of HCC	[86,87]
		US	CNN, SVM	Response to transarterial chemoembolization for patients with HCC	[119]
Biliary system	Liver metastases, HCC, cholangiocarcinoma	CT	CNN	Prediction of hepatobiliary toxicity after liver SBRT	[92]
Pancreas	Postoperative pancreatic fistula	CT	RepTree	Prediction of postoperative pancreas fistulas after pancreatoduodenectomy	[93]

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CT: Computerized tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; US: Ultrasound; ANN: Artificial neural network; CNN: Convolutional neural network; LR: Logistic regression; RF: Random forest; SVM: Support vector machine; SBRT: Stereotactic body radiotherapy.