Better performance of PIVKA-II for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease with normal total bilirubin

Table 4 Performance characteristics of serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II in diagnosing early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in different subgroups

Early HCC	AUC (95%CI)	Cutoff value (mAU/mL)	Se (%)	Sp (%)	LR+	LR-	P value
All early	0.765 (0.714, 0.815)	41.0	60.63	85.08	4.06	0.46
Etiology							0.678
Viral	0.783 (0.732, 0.835)	42.8	58.97	87.73	4.81	0.47
Nonviral	0.736 (0.519, 0.952)	177.0	60.00	94.18	10.31	0.42
ALP							0.398
≤ 1 ULN	0.783 (0.725, 0.840)	41.0	58.42	89.95	5.81	0.46
> 1 ULN	0.729 (0.618, 0.841)	42.0	69.23	71.07	2.39	0.43
TBIL							0.015
≤ 1 ULN	0.817 (0.762, 0.872)	41.0	60.67	91.73	7.34	0.43
> 1 ULN	0.669 (0.563, 0.775)	42.0	60.53	73.19	2.26	0.54
AST							0.941
≤ 1 ULN	0.774 (0.712, 0.836)	41.0	57.95	88.08	4.86	0.48
> 1 ULN	0.778 (0.691, 0.864)	41.0	66.67	82.41	3.79	0.40

AUC: Area under the ROC curve; CI: Confidence interval; Se: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; LR+: Positive likelihood ratio; LR-: Negative likelihood ratio; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ULN: Upper limit of normal.