Better performance of PIVKA-II for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease with normal total bilirubin

Table 3 Factors associated with abnormally elevated protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II by univariate and multivariate logistic analyses in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

HCC	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age (yr)	1.002 (0.977, 1.027)	0.895
Gender (M)	1.692 (0.726, 3.944)	0.223
Etiology (viral)	1.008 (0.319, 3.185)	0.989
Cirrhosis (+)	0.712 (0.280, 1.810)	0.475
ALT/ULN	2.242 (1.235, 4.068)	0.008
AST/ULN	2.745 (1.573, 4.788)	< 0.001	1.759 (1.072, 2.887)	0.025
ALP/ULN	3.542 (1.478, 8.490)	0.005
GGT/ULN	1.436 (1.120, 1.843)	0.004
TBIL/ULN	1.287 (0.947, 1.749)	0.108
ALB/LLN	0.202 (0.042, 0.974)	0.046
PLT/LLN	1.558 (0.985, 2.464)	0.058
Tumor size (cm)	1.394 (1.221, 1.592)	< 0.001	1.349 (1.175, 1.549)	< 0.001
Number of tumors (1/2-3/> 3)	2.242 (1.340, 3.752)	0.002
Vascular invasion (+)	5.907 (1.772, 19.696)	0.004
Extrahepatic metastases (+)	3.551 (0.452, 27.887)	0.228

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; M: Male; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; PLT: Platelet; ULN: Upper limit of normal; LLN: Lower limit of normal.