Better performance of PIVKA-II for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease with normal total bilirubin

Table 2 Factors associated with abnormally elevated protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II by univariate and multivariate logistic analysis in non-hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Non-HCC	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age (yr)	1.009 (0.995, 1.024)	0.195
Gender (M)	2.102 (1.308, 3.379)	0.002
Etiology		< 0.001		< 0.001
NAFLD	-		-
HBV	4.556 (1.089, 19.055)		3.214 (0.762, 13.548)
HCV	1.687 (0.227, 12.571)		1.528 (0.204, 11.442)
ALD	15.577 (3.542, 68.507)		9.883 (2.216, 44.086)
AILD	4.295 (0.849, 21.729)		1.993 (0.368, 10.792)
Cirrhosis (+)	1.848 (1.250, 2.731)	0.002
ALT/ULN	1.026 (0.991, 1.063)	0.150
AST/ULN	1.076 (1.029, 1.126)	0.001
ALP/ULN	2.630 (1.823, 3.795)	< 0.001	2.146 (1.429, 3.221)	< 0.001
GGT/ULN	1.105 (1.050, 1.163)	< 0.001
TBIL/ULN	1.228 (1.142, 1.321)	< 0.001	1.162 (1.080, 1.250)	< 0.001
ALB/LLN	0.063 (0.024, 0.166)	< 0.001
PLT/LLN	0.618 (0.445, 0.857)	0.004

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; M: male; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; ALD: Alcohol-related liver disease; AILD: Autoimmune liver disease; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; PLT: Platelet; ULN: Upper limit of normal; LLN: Lower limit of normal.