Hamartomatous polyps: Diagnosis, surveillance, and management

Table 6 Studies investing the malignancy risk associated with juvenile polyposis syndrome

Ref.	N	Location	Outcome
Brosens et al[73]	84	United States	Patients with JPS possess a lifetime cumulative risk of 38.7% for development of colorectal cancer, with the average age of diagnosis being 43.9
Latchford et al[56]	44	United Kingdom	The SMAD4 gene is a poor prognostic indicator for development of gastric malignancy. Colonic polyps have predominance to ascending colon
Howe et al[93]	117	United States	Kindred of patients with JPS possess approximately 50% cumulative risk of developing gastric malignancy

JPS: Juvenile polyposis syndrome.