Functional constipation in children: What physicians should know

doi:10.3748/wjg.v29.i8.1261

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Feb 28, 2023 (publication date) through Jul 2, 2024

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Feb 28, 2023; 29(8): 1261-1288
Published online Feb 28, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i8.1261

Table 4 Organic causes of constipation[1]

Organic causes
Abnormalities of colon and rectum	Anal or colonic stenosis. Imperforate anus. Anteriorly displaced or ectopic anus. Cloacal malformations. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
Systemic disorders	Hypothyroidism. Hypercalcemia. Hypocalcemia. Diabetes mellitus. Panhypopituitarism. Cerebral palsy. Myotonia congenita. Scleroderma. Amyloidosis. Mixed connective tissue disease. Myotonic dystrophy. Progressive systemic sclerosis
Others	Cystic fibrosis. Celiac disease. Heavy metal ingestion (lead, mercury)
Spinal cord abnormalities	Meningomyelocele. Spinal cord tumor. Sacral agenesis. Tethered cord
Neuropathic intestinal disorders	Hirschsprung’s disease. Intestinal neuronal dysplasia. Chagas disease. Abnormal muscle of abdomen. Prune belly syndrome. Gastroschisis
Drugs	Opiates. Anticholinergics. Antacids. Antihypertensives. Antimotility agents. Cholestyramine. Psychotropics. Diuretics

Citation: Tran DL, Sintusek P. Functional constipation in children: What physicians should know. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(8): 1261-1288
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i8/1261.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v29.i8.1261