Association of low muscle strength with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A nationwide study

Table 2 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease according to the categories of muscle strength

Muscle strength	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Total
Q1	3.63 (3.34–3.95)	3.24 (2.94–3.58)	1.92 (1.70–2.16)
Q2–Q4	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
P value
Q1	9.12 (7.98–10.41)	8.61 (7.41–10.01)	3.12 (2.64–3.69)
Q2	4.92 (4.29–5.64)	4.75 (4.10–5.50)	2.19 (1.85–2.58)
Q3	2.48 (2.17–2.84)	2.42 (2.10–2.78)	1.41 (1.22–1.65)
Q4	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Men
Q1	3.51 (3.02–4.09)	3.31 (2.80–3.90)	2.05 (1.70–2.47)
Q2–Q4	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001
Q1	7.30 (5.67–9.39)	7.20 (5.52–9.38)	2.88 (2.20–3.78)
Q2	3.68 (2.83–4.78)	3.68 (2.82–4.80)	1.75 (1.32–2.31)
Q3	2.02 (1.54–2.66)	2.03 (1.55–2.68)	1.23 (0.93–1.63)
Q4	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Women
Q1	4.20 (3.74–4.71)	3.17 (2.79–3.60)	1.76 (1.47–2.10)
Q2–Q4	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Q1	11.76 (9.87–14.02)	9.14 (7.56–11.05)	3.09 (2.43–3.92)
Q2	6.09 (5.15–7.20)	5.30 (4.47–6.30)	2.52 (2.05–3.10)
Q3	2.76 (2.34–3.26)	2.59 (2.20–3.06)	1.52 (1.25–1.85)
Q4	1 (reference)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis; Model 1 = not adjusted; Model 2 = adjusted for age, sex, income, education, smoking status, and physical activity; Model 3 = Model 2 + alanine aminotransferase, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Q: Quartile.