Enduring association between irritable bowel syndrome and war trauma during the Nicaragua civil war period: A population-based study

Table 3 Association between Irritable bowel syndrome and specific war exposures

Condition	IBS, n (%)	Non-IBS, n (%)	Unadjusted1, OR (95%CI)	Adjusted2, OR (95%CI)
Direct Exposures
War experience	35 (22.7)	160 (18.6)	1.28 (0.84-1.94)	1.30 (0.81-2.09)
Direct combat involvement	13 (8.4)	77 (9.0)	0.93 (0.50-1.72)	0.61 (0.27-1.38)
Abuse, physical or psychological3	17 (11.0)	47 (5.5)	2.19 (1.19-3.83)	2.25 (1.12-4.49)
Witnessed execution3	17 (11.0)	51 (5.9)	1.96 (1.10-3.50)	2.41 (1.11-5.23)
Physical injury or disability	3 (1.9)	8 (0.9)	2.11 (0.55-8.04)	1.29 (0.27-6.02)
Indirect Exposures
Death of a family member3	20 (13.0)	68 (7.9)	1.73 (1.01-2.94)	2.21 (1.17-4.17)
Family member wounded	9 (5.8)	42 (4.9)	1.20 (0.57-2.53)	0.80 (0.33-1.93)
Post-war effects
Loss of personal property	3 (1.9)	19 (2.2)	0.87 (0.25-3.00)	0.86 (0.24-3.08)
Rejection by family	5 (3.2)	16 (1.9)	2.58 (0.88-7.54)	2.57 (0.82-8.07)
Unemployment	9 (5.8)	36 (4.2)	1.41 (0.66-3.00)	1.58 (0.69-3.65)
Dose effect
≥ 3 exposures3	16 (10.4)	67 (7.8)	1.83 (1.01-3.30)	2.67 (1.39-5.13)
PTSD
PTSD3	24 (15.6)	33 (3.8)	4.61 (2.64-8.05)	2.63 (1.21-5.73)
PTSD, war associated3	14 (9.1)	11 (1.3)	7.70 (3.42-17.3)	3.31 (1.09-10.0)

¹Crude odds ratio.

²Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted by gender, age, poverty and educational level.

³Significant association with IBS.

95%CI: 95% confidence interval; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder.