Knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study

Table 8 Univariate and multivariate analysis of practice

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Knowledge score (as continuous variables)	1.10 (1.02-1.19)	0.020	0.96 (0.87-1.06)	0.412
Attitude score (as continuous variables)	1.21 (1.13-1.30)	< 0.001	1.20 (1.11-1.30)	< 0.001
Gender
Male	1.62 (0.86-3.04)	0.134
Female	Ref
Age
≤ 20	Ref
20-30	1.25 (0.45-3.50)	0.672
30-40	1.65 (0.53-5.11)	0.386
> 40	1.16 (0.41-3.30)	0.780
Ethnicity
Han	0.65 (0.14-3.11)	0.589
Minorities	Ref
Residence
Rural	Ref		Ref
City	2.41 (1.08-5.40)	0.033	2.01 (0.80-5.04)	0.139
Suburb/urban-rural combination	1.12 (0.53-2.38)	0.768	1.12 (0.49-2.58)	0.788
Education
Primary school and below	Ref
Middle school	0.66 (0.20-2.22)	0.503
High school/technical secondary school	2.10 (0.56-7.84)	0.272
Junior college/bachelor’s degree and above	1.58 (0.49-5.11)	0.441
Work status
Employed	2.76 (1.41-5.40)	0.003	1.93 (0.88-4.21)	0.099
Other	Ref		Ref
Monthly per capita income
< 5000	Ref		Ref
5000-10000	2.42 (1.06-5.51)	0.036	1.31 (0.51-3.33)	0.578
> 10000	1.71 (0.74-3.94)	0.207	0.86 (0.32-2.28)	0.755
Marital status
Unmarried or other	Ref
Married	0.65 (0.34-1.25)	0.200
Smoking habit
No (no smoking)	Ref
Yes (smoking or used to smoke)	0.86 (0.41-1.84)	0.706
Drinking habit
No (no drinking)	Ref
Yes (drinking or used to drink)	1.18 (0.60-2.35)	0.631
What kind of IBD is being diagnosed
Ulcerative colitis	0.80 (0.43-1.52)	0.501
Crohn’s disease	Ref
Duration of IBD
< 1 yr	1.39 (0.59-3.27)	0.445
1-2 yr	0.74 (0.27-2.01)	0.558
> 2 yr	Ref
Ostomy
Yes	0.62 (0.22-1.72)	0.354
No	Ref
Comorbidities
Yes	0.43 (0.21-0.88)	0.022	0.50 (0.23-1.09)	0.082
None	Ref		Ref
Family history of IBD
Yes	-	-
No	Ref
Surgical history
Yes	1.11 (0.59-2.09)	0.741
No	Ref
History of drug allergy
Yes	0.83 (0.35-1.99)	0.682
No	Ref
What kind of treatment is being received?
5-aminosalicylic acid drugs (e.g., mesalazine)	Ref
Glucocorticoids	-	-
Immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, etc.)	0.19 (0.02-1.41)	0.104
Biological agents (e.g., infliximab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab)	1.38 (0.38-4.97)	0.622
Biological agents + immunosuppressants	2.44 (0.23-26.30)	0.463
Biological agents + 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs	0.94 (0.13-6.63)	0.948

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.