Knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study

Table 7 Univariate and multivariate analysis of attitude

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Knowledge score (as continuous variables)	1.24 (1.14-1.34)	< 0.001	1.23 (1.11-1.36)	< 0.001
Gender
Male	1.42 (0.73-2.74)	0.300
Female	Ref
Age
≤ 20	Ref
20-30	1.49 (0.52-4.25)	0.461
30-40	1.29 (0.43-3.82)	0.651
> 40	1.27 (0.44-3.65)	0.656
Ethnicity
Han	4.69 (1.31-16.80)	0.017	3.21 (0.66-15.59)	0.149
Minorities	Ref		Ref
Residence
Rural	Ref		Ref
City	2.47 (1.06-5.76)	0.037	1.63 (0.61 4.32)	0.329
Suburb/urban-rural combination	1.12 (0.51-2.44)	0.779	0.98 (0.39-2.47)	0.968
Education
Primary school and below	Ref		Ref
Middle school	0.95 (0.30-2.97)	0.925	0.85 (0.23-3.08)	0.803
High school/technical secondary school	2.37 (0.70-8.05)	0.165	0.87 (0.22-3.49)	0.841
Junior college/bachelor’s degree and above	2.91 (0.95-8.94)	0.062	0.82 (0.20-3.26)	0.774
Work status
Employed	2.65 (1.32-5.30)	0.006	1.54 (0.64-3.70)	0.338
Other	Ref		Ref
Monthly per capita income
< 5000	Ref		Ref
5000-10000	2.22 (0.97-5.09)	0.060	1.10 (0.42-2.89)	0.850
> 10000	2.16 (0.85-5.46)	0.105	1.06 (0.35-3.17)	0.924
Marital status
Unmarried or other	Ref
Married	0.97 (0.51-1.88)	0.937
Smoking habit
No (no smoking)	Ref
Yes (smoking or used to smoke)	0.88 (0.40-1.94)	0.755
Drinking habit
No (no drinking)	Ref
Yes (drinking or used to drink)	1.16 (0.57-2.36)	0.689
What kind of IBD is being diagnosed
Ulcerative colitis	0.75 (0.39-1.44)	0.383
Crohn’s disease	Ref
Duration of IBD
< 1 yr	0.92 (0.36-2.35)	0.866
1-2 yr	0.91 (0.29-2.90)	0.873
> 2 yr	Ref
Ostomy?
Yes	0.55 (0.19-1.53)	0.250
No	Ref
Comorbidities
Yes	0.68 (0.31-1.51)	0.341
None	Ref
Family history of IBD
Yes	1.05 (0.13-8.64)	0.962
No	Ref
Surgical history
Yes	1.14 (0.59-2.19)	0.698
No	Ref
History of drug allergy
Yes	1.52 (0.52-4.47)	0.448
No	Ref
What kind of treatment is being received?
5-aminosalicylic acid drugs (e.g., mesalazine)	Ref		Ref
Glucocorticoids	-	-	-	-
Immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, etc.)	0.24 (0.02-2.22)	0.206	0.38 (0.03-4.43)	0.438
Biological agents (e.g., infliximab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab)	1.10 (0.24-5.02)	0.899	0.88 (0.17-4.53)	0.878
Biological agents + immunosuppressants	0.21 (0.03-1.32)	0.096	0.16 (0.02-1.17)	0.070
Biological agents + 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs	0.35 (0.05-2.51)	0.298	0.17 (0.02-1.51)	0.113

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.