Knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

Variables	n (%)	Knowledge		Attitude		Practice
		mean ± SD	P value	mean ± SD	P value	mean ± SD	P value
Total	353	10.05 ± 3.46		41.58 ± 5.23		44.20 ± 7.39
Gender			0.468		0.830		0.077
Male	224 (63.5)	9.95 ± 3.57		41.62 ± 5.02		44.72 ± 7.35
Female	129 (36.5)	10.2 ± 3.28		41.50 ± 5.59		43.28 ± 7.40
Age, yr (10 cases missing)			< 0.001		0.142		0.886
≤ 20	41 (11.6)	9.46 ± 3.87		40.95 ± 5.13		44.00 ± 8.15
20-30	116 (32.9)	10.87 ± 2.94		42.41 ± 5.25		44.37 ± 7.40
30-40	85 (24.1)	10.56 ± 3.03		41.81 ± 5.24		43.89 ± 6.92
> 40	101 (28.6)	9.02 ± 3.91		40.88 ± 5.21		44.70 ± 7.27
Ethnicity (1 case missing)			0.011		0.028		0.609
Han	341 (96.6)	10.13 ± 3.39		41.69 ± 5.16		44.25 ± 7.41
Minorities	11 (3.1)	7.45 ± 4.89		38.18 ± 6.51		43.09 ± 6.85
Residence			0.006		0.059		0.002
Rural	149 (42.2)	9.38 ± 3.72		44.18 ± 5.19		43.76 ± 7.76
City	122 (34.6)	10.66 ± 3.05		42.48 ± 5.05		45.97 ± 6.73
Suburb/urban-rural combination	82 (23.2)	10.35 ± 3.85		40.95 ± 5.45		42.35 ± 7.13
Education			< 0.001		0.003		0.089
Primary school and below	25 (7.1)	6.92 ± 3.53		40.00 ± 4.97		42.88 ± 7.21
Middle school	67 (19.0)	7.99 ± 4.17		39.99 ± 5.82		42.40 ± 8.01
High school/technical secondary school	84 (23.8)	10.25 ± 2.88		41.42 ± 4.83		44.55 ± 6.98
Junior college/bachelor’s degree and above	177 (50.1)	11.18 ± 2.75		42.47 ± 5.05		44.89 ± 7.29
Work status			< 0.001		0.002		0.012
Employed	185 (52.4)	10.79 ± 2.96		42.39 ± 4.90		45.13 ± 6.83
Other	168 (47.6)	9.23 ± 3.78		40.68 ± 5.44		43.17 ± 7.85
Monthly per capita income			< 0.001		0.003		0.074
< 5000	173 (49.0)	9.32 ± 3.87		40.61 ± 5.20		43.29 ± 7.95
5000-10000	104 (29.5)	10.88 ± 2.52		42.37 ± 4.96		45.21 ± 6.59
> 10000	76 (21.5)	10.55 ± 3.27		42.68 ± 5.32		44.87 ± 6.93
Marital status			0.029		0.939		0.201
Unmarried or other	157 (44.5)	10.50 ± 3.21		41.60 ± 5.25		44.76 ± 7.40
Married	196 (55.5)	9.69 ± 3.62		41.56 ± 5.23		43.74 ± 7.37
Smoking habit			0.163		0.386		0.202
No (no smoking)	282 (79.9)	10.18 ± 3.33		41.45 ± 5.13		43.94 ± 7.18
Yes (smoking or used to smoke)	71 (20.1)	9.54 ± 3.92		42.06 ± 5.63		45.20 ± 8.14
Drinking habit			0.461		0.744		0.372
No (no drinking)	240 (68.0)	10.14 ± 3.40		41.51 ± 5.27		43.95 ± 7.36
Yes (drinking or used to drink)	113 (32.0)	9.85 ± 3.59		41.71 ± 5.16		44.71 ± 7.47
Medical insurance type (multiple choices)
Basic medical insurance for urban employees	187 (53.0)	10.68 ± 3.06	< 0.001	43.62 ± 4.98	< 0.001	44.79 ± 7.14	0.108
New cooperative medical insurance	112 (31.7)	9.16 ± 4.02	0.001	54.18 ± 5.45	0.001	43.34 ± 7.88	0.138
Basic medical insurance for urban residents	62 (17.6)	9.18 ± 3.77	0.029	55.13 ± 4.87	0.460	44.56 ± 6.71	0.666
Commercial insurance	23 (6.5)	10.74 ± 3.37	0.323	56.30 ± 4.76	0.490	45.61 ± 7.24	0.343
No insurance	3 (0.8)	12.33 ± 1.15	0.252	52.00 ± 4.58	0.235	34.67 ± 9.29	0.025
Which IBD			< 0.001		0.005		0.553
Ulcerative colitis	133 (37.7)	9.16 ± 3.69		54.57 ± 5.06		43.89 ± 7.55
Crohn’s disease	220 (62.3)	10.59 ± 3.21		56.18 ± 5.25		44.38 ± 7.30
Duration of IBD			0.995		0.948		0.248
< 1 yr	239 (67.7)	10.05 ± 3.46		55.58 ± 5.17		44.65 ± 7.36
1-2 yr	59 (16.7)	10.08 ± 3.43		55.41 ± 5.30		43.17 ± 7.72
> 2 yr	55 (15.6)	10.02 ± 3.56		55.73 ± 5.59		43.33 ± 7.09
Ostomy			0.014		0.088		0.621
Yes	27 (7.6)	8.48 ± 4.37		53.93 ± 5.95		43.52 ± 10.05
No	326 (92.4)	10.18 ± 3.53		55.71 ± 5.15		44.25 ± 7.14
Comorbidities			0.463		0.064		0.004
Yes	59 (16.7)	9.75 ± 3.72		54.42 ± 5.11		41.71 ± 7.32
No	294 (83.3)	10.11 ± 3.41		55.81 ± 5.23		44.64 ± 7.28
Family history of IBD			0.588		0.991		0.392
Yes	9 (2.5)	10.67 ± 4.21		55.56 ± 4.98		42.11 ± 6.43
No	344 (97.5)	10.03 ± 3.45		55.58 ± 5.24		44.25 ± 7.41
Surgical history			0.340		0.487		0.894
Yes	165 (46.7)	10.24 ± 3.39		55.78 ± 5.10		44.14 ± 7.47
No	188 (53.3)	9.88 ± 3.53		55.39 ± 5.35		44.24 ± 7.34
History of drug allergy			0.110		0.120		0.890
Yes	48 (13.6)	10.79 ± 2.73		56.67 ± 5.15		44.33 ± 7.36
No	305 (86.4)	9.93 ± 3.55		55.40 ± 5.23		44.17 ± 7.41
What kind of treatment is being received?			0.040		0.004		0.276
5-aminosalicylic acid drugs (e.g., mesalazine)	19 (5.4)	8.63 ± 3.44		55.00 ± 4.99		45.32 ± 8.87
Glucocorticoids	1 (0.3)	12.00		57.00		50.00
Immunosuppressants (e.g., azathioprine, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, etc.)	6 (1.7)	6.50 ± 3.27		51.33 ± 6.38		37.83 ± 9.99
Biological agents (e.g., infliximab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab)	301 (85.3)	10.16 ± 3.49		55.97 ± 5.13		44.33 ± 7.26
Biological agents + immunosuppressants	14 (4.0)	9.93 ± 3.34		51.36 ± 5.58		43.57 ± 6.73
Biological agents + 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs	12 (3.4)	11.25 ± 1.48		53.42 ± 4.36		42.50 ± 6.99

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.