Time series analysis-based seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average to estimate hepatitis B and C epidemics in China

Figure 1 Time series graphs displaying the incidence cases, trend, cyclicity, and seasonality of hepatitis B and C. A: Hepatitis B incidence cases and the decomposed trend and cyclicity by Hodrick-Prescott (HP) method; B: Seasonal factor for hepatitis B series; C: Hepatitis C incidence cases and the decomposed trend and cyclicity by HP method; D: Seasonal factor for hepatitis C series. It is clear that hepatitis B and C have the same seasonal patterns, a peak in March and a trough in February, and the other months remain relatively stable.