Efficacy and safety of semaglutide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Location sponsor	Study design	Sample size (n)	Demographics (%)	Intervention/comparator(s)	Outcomes assessed
Newsome et al[20], 2021	16 countrie, 143 sites; Novo Nordisk	MC, DB, four-arm parallel-group RCT; duration: 72 wk; randomization: 3:3:3:1:1:1	320	Age (SD): 55.0 (10.6); male/female: 125(39)/195(61); T2DM: 199 (62)	Semaglutide: 0.1 mg SQ OD (n = 80); 0.2 mg SQ OD (n = 78); 0.4 mg SQ OD (n = 82); and placebo (n = 80)	Primary: Resolution of NASH; secondary: Liver fibrosis stage, total and component of NAS, ALT, AST, liver stiffness, liver steatosis, cardiometabolic parameters, adverse events
Flint et al[21], 2021	Germany, 2 sites; Novo Nordisk	Two-centre, DB, two-arm parallel-group RCT; duration: 72 wk; randomization: 1:1	67	Age (SD): 60.0 (9.3); male/female: 47(70)/20(30); T2DM: 49 (73)	Semaglutide: 0.4 mg SQ OD (n = 34); placebo (n = 33)	Primary: Liver stiffness MRE at week 48; secondary: Liver stiffness at week 24 and 72, liver steatosis, ALT, AST, cardiometabolic parameters, adverse events
Loomba et al[17], 2023	5 countries, 38 sites; Novo Nordisk	MC, DB, two-arm-parallel group RCT; duration: 48 wk; randomization: 2:1	71	Age (SD): 59.5 (8.0); male/female: 22(31)/49(61); T2DM: 53 (75)	Semaglutide: 2.4 mg SQ qw (n = 47); Placebo (n = 24)	Primary: Liver fibrosis stage; secondary: Liver stiffness, liver steatosis, NASH resolution, total and component of NAS, ALT, AST, cardiometabolic parameters, adverse events

MC: Multi-centre; DB: Double-blind; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; SD: Standard deviation; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; SQ: Subcutaneous; OD: Once daily; qw: Weekly; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NAS: NAFLD activity score; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; MRE: Magnetic resonance elastography.