Hepatitis B virus infection in patients with Wilson disease: A large retrospective study

Table 7 Comparison between Wilson disease patients alone and Wilson disease patients with hepatitis B virus infection

	WD alone (n = 812)	With previous HBV (n = 84)	With current HBV (n = 19)	P1	P2
Sex
Male (n, %)	467 (57.5)	46 (61.9)	12 (63.2)	0.509	0.797
Female (n, %)	345 (42.5)	32 (38.1)	7 (36.8)	0.509	0.797
Mean age (yr)	18.8 ± 12.0	33. ± 15.9	25.0 ± 13.	0.000	0.031
Diagnosis delay	12.1 ± 21.3	13.7 ± 26.1	34.6 ± 53.5	0.542	0.000
Phenotype
Pure H (n, %)	564 (69.5)	63 (75.0)	17 (89.5)	0.352	0.104
H and N (n, %)	195 (24.40)	21 (25.60)	2 (10.5)	0.352	0.104
Pure N (n, %)	35 (4.3)	0 (0.0)	0
Others (n, %)	18 (2.2)	0	0
Copper metabolic
KF positive	67.6%	84.1%	78.9%	0.102	0.456
Ceruloplasmin	64.1 ± 46.0	97.1 ± 60.3	105.0 ± 61.6	0.000	0.000
Urinary copper	502.4 ± 1030.5	916.3 ± 245.8	767.7 ± 1165.0	0.005	0.323
Urinary Cu after PC	2236.4 ± 1582.1	2283.7 ± 1287.8	2793.8 ± 3157.5	0.842	0.144
Hepatic Cu	832.2 ± 457.7	680.1 ± 407.7	789.0 ± 338.2	0.191	0.767
Mean WD score	7.4 ± 2.3	8.0 ± 2.2	7.8 ± 2.3	0.124	0.412
Biochemical
ALT (IU/L)	86.2 ± 105.7	63.3 ± 51.0	94.6 ± 71.1	0.0051	0.722
AST (IU/L)	84.25 ± 90.3	90.47 ± 70.4	125.3 ± 80.5	0.0532	0.058
Albumin (g/L)	38.5 ± 8.3	32.5 ± 7.6	32.1 ± 6.8	0.000	0.001
TBIL (μmol/L)	52.1 ± 131.0	104.7 ± 166.7	126.6 ± 158.3	0.001	0.002
GGT (IU/L)	90.9 ± 85.6	138.6 ± 112.3	109 ± 93.3	0000	0.399
ALP (IU/L)	186.7 ± 133.6	137.7 ± 87.7	171.9 ± 123.0	0.001	0.650
INR	1.42 ± 0.81	1.88 ± 0.86	2.09 ± 1.04	0.000	0.000
Liver disease severity
Hepatitis (n, %)	372 (45.8)	7 (8.3)	3 (15.8)	0.000	0.009
CTP5-6 (n, %)	189 (23.3)	18 (21.4)	3 (15.8)	0.702	0.444
CTP7-9 (n, %)	94 (11.6)	14 (16.7)	1 (5.3)	0.173	0.713
CTP10-14 (n, %)	120 (14.8)	34 (40.5)	7 (36.8)	0.000	0.008
ACLF (n, %)	37 (4.5)	11 (13.1)	5 (26.3)	0.001	0.000
Mortality (n, %),	33 (4.1)	13 (15.5)	7 (36.8)	0.000	0.000

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; WD: Wilson disease; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; INR: International normalized ratio; ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; PC: Penicillamine challenge.