Seronegative spondyloarthropathy-associated inflammatory bowel disease

Table 3 Inflammatory bowel disease manifestation in ankylosing spondylitis patients receiving approved tumor necrosis factor inhibitor or Janus kinase inhibitor therapy published in the English literature

No.	Clinical trials, n	Countries involved in clinical trials	Cases, n	TNFi or JAKi	IBD manifestation events, flare-up and new-onset	IBD manifestation events per 100 patient-yr1	Ref.
1	7	Canada, Germany, Netherlands	366	IFX	1 CD	0.2	[38-44]
2	9	European nations, United Kingdom, United States	724	ETA	14 (8 CD, 6 UC)	2.0	[45-52]
3	5	France, Germany, Netherlands, United States, etc.	2026	ADA	14	0.7	[53-55]
4	3	Canada, Germany, Netherlands, United States, etc.	837	GOL	0	0	[56-58]
5	1	Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands, United States	121	CZP	1 CD	0.2	[59,60]
6	1	Australia, Canada, European nations, United States, etc.	133	TOF	0	0	[61]
7	1	Australia, Canada, European nations, Israel, United States, etc.	211	UPA	1 CD	1.8	[62]

¹One point six events per 100 patient-years in placebo groups by pooling 1015 ankylosing spondylitis patients under clinical trials[38,42,45,46,47,49,52,54,56,59,61,62].

ADA: Adalimumab; AS; Ankylosing spondylitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; CZP: Certolizumab pegol; ETA: Etanercept; GOL: Golimumab; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; IFX: Infliximab; JAKi: Janus kinase inhibitor; No.: Number; Ref.: Reference; TNFi: Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor; TOF: Tofacitinib; UC: Ulcerative colitis; UPA: Upadacitinib.