Sarcopenia in cirrhosis: Prospects for therapy targeted to gut microbiota

Table 3 The effect of lactitol and lactulose on the composition of the gut microbiota

Ref.	Disease	Taxa that increase in the abundance after disaccharide	Taxa that decrease in the abundance after disaccharide
Lactitol
Riggio et al[153]	Cirrhosis	Lactobacilli	Enterobacteria and Enterocicci
Ballongue et al[154]	Healthy persons	Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus	Bacteroides, Clostridium, coliforms, and Eubacterium
Li et al[155]	Chronic constipation	Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Anaerostipes, and Bifidobacterium	-
Tarao et al[156]	Cirrhosis	Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus	Bacteroides and Clostridium
Lu et al[157]	Cirrhosis	Bifidobacterium, Veillonella, Enterobacter, Sutterella, Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Lactobacillus salivarius, L. fermentium, and L. oris	Klebsiella Pseudoflavonifractor, and others
Chen et al[158]	Chronic viral hepatitis	Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus	Clostridium perfringens
Lactulose
Riggio et al[153]	Cirrhosis	Lactobacilli	-
Ballongue et al[154]	Healthy persons	Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus	Bacteroides, Clostridium, coliforms and Eubacterium
Ziada et al[159]	Minimal hepatic encephalopathy	Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroidaceae	Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus