Impact of COVID-19 in individuals with and without pre-existent digestive disorders with a particular focus on elderly patients

Table 5 Case reports regarding pancreatic involvement in old coronavirus disease 2019 patients

Ref.	Study design	Age (yrs)	Remarks
Meyers et al[151]	CR	67	COVID-19 can cause clinical AP. Typical abdominal pain radiating to the back. Increase lipase serum level. Evidence of AP in abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: NA
Karimzadeh et al[152]	CR	65	COVID-19 presents as mild AP. Typical abdominal pain radiating to the back. Increase lipase serum level. Negative abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: 1 point
Gadiparthi et al[153]	CR	74	AP in a patient with COVID-19 with SARS-CoV-2 as the possible etiological agent. Typical abdominal pain radiating to the back. Increase lipase serum level. Evidence of AP in abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: 1 point
Wifi et al[154]	CR	72	Emphasises the importance of measuring serum amylase and lipase in patients with COVID-19. Typical abdominal pain radiating to the back. Increase lipase and amylase serum levels. Negative abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: 3 points
Gonzalo-Voltas et al[155]	CR	76	A case of AP that could be related to COVID-19 infection. Typical abdominal pain radiating to the back. Increase amylase serum level. Evidence of AP in abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: NA
Reick-Mitrisin et al[156]	CR	71	AP should be considered in differential abdominal pain in patients with active or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Typical abdominal pain. Increase lipase serum level. Evidence of AP in abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: 3 points
Brikman et al[163]	CR	61	Unresolved abdominal pain occurring late during COVID-19 warrants a thorough workup. Typical abdominal pain. Increase lipase serum level. Evidence of AP in abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: 2 points
Acherjya et al[157]	CR	57	Pay attention to the atypical presentations of SARS-CoV-2, including AP. Typical abdominal pain radiating to the back. Increase lipase serum level. Evidence of AP in abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: 4 points
Alves et al[158]	CR	56	Physicians should be aware that asymptomatic or mildly gastrointestinal symptomatic patients with COVID-19 require pancreatic enzymes and even abdomen imaging to diagnose pancreatitis. Typical abdominal pain. Increase lipase and amylase serum levels. Evidence of AP in abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: 3 points
Shinohara et al[159]	CR	58	Extrapulmonary clinical characteristics of COVID-19 remain unclear. Typical abdominal pain. Increase amylase serum level. Evidence of AP in abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: NA
Kumaran et al[160]	CR	67	Importance of considering COVID-19 as a potential cause in patients presenting with idiopathic pancreatitis. Typical abdominal pain. Increase amylase serum level. Evidence of AP in abdominal CT scan. Glasgow Acute Pancreatitis Score: 2 points

AP: Acute pancreatitis; CR: Case reports; CT: Computed tomography; NA: Not available; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.