Lumen-apposing-metal stent misdeployment in endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainages: A systematic review focusing on issues and rescue management

Table 4 Characteristics of studies reporting lumen-apposing metal stent misdeployment during endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic fluid collections drainage

Ref.	Study design	Study population (n)	Clinical indication	Technical success (%)	LAMS misdeployment (n)	LAMS type	Size of LAMS (mm)	Use of guidewire	LAMS flange misdeployed	Rescue therapy
Venkatachalapathy et al[77], 2018	Retrospective multicenter	116	WON, PFC	99	1	Hot Axios	-	No	Distal	LAMS removal followed by over-the-wire deployment of a new LAMS
Khan et al[78], 2021	Retrospective multicenter	208	PFC	97.1	7	-	-	-	Distal	LAMS re-insertion (not counted as technical failure) (1/7); immediate repeat drainage (5/7); procedure abandoned (1/7)
Law et al[79], 2018	Retrospective single center	46	WON	93.5	5	Cold Axios/hot Axios	-	-	-	LAMS removal followed by over-the-wire deployment of a new LAMS (4/5; 2 LAMS re-insertion, not counted as technical failure) and of a FCSEMS 10 × 60 mm (1/5)
Walter et al[10], 2015	Prospective multicenter	61	PFC	98	1	Axios	-	Yes	Entirely inside the PFC	Placement of double pigtail stents
Siddiqui et al[80], 2016	Retrospective multicenter	82	PFC	97.5	2	Cold Axios	-	Yes	Distal	LAMS removal followed by over-the-wire deployment of a SEMS; surgical cystogastrostomy (difficulty to re-advance the guidewire into the PFC to perform an endoscopic rescue therapy)
Mendoza et al[81], 2020	Retrospective single center	21	WON	95	1	Hot Axios	-	Yes	Entirely inside the PFC	LAMS misdeployed was left inside the collection and a new one was then successfully placed through the original puncture site (both stents were removed 4 wk later)
Shah et al[82], 2015	Prospective multicenter	33	PFC	91	3	Cold Axios	-	Yes	-	Placement of double pigtail stents
Despott et al[83], 2020	Case report	1	WON	-	1	Hot Axios	20x10	-	Deployment in a non-target organ (colon)	LAMS removal and closure of both colonic and gastric defects with over-the-scope-clips
Rinninella et al[84], 2015	Retrospective multicenter	93	PFC	98.9	1	Hot Axios	-	Yes	Distal	Placement of double pigtail stents
Song et al[85], 2019	Prospective multicenter	34	PFC	97.1	1	Hot spaxus	-	Yes	Distal	LAMS in LAMS technique
Fugazza et al[86], 2020	Retrospective multicenter	328	PFC, WON	97.9	7	Hot Axios	-	-	-	New LAMS placement (4/7); placement of plastic stents (3/7)
Zhang et al[12], 2022	Retrospective multicenter	35	PFC	97	1	Hot Axios	15 mm × 15 mm	Yes	-	SEMS in LAMS technique
Yang et al[87], 2019	Retrospective multicenter	80	PFC	97.5	3	Cold Axios/hot Axios	-	-	-	-
Adler et al[70], 2018	Retrospective multicenter	80	WON	98.7	1	Cold Axios	-	-	-	-
Curieses Luengo et al[88], 2019	Case report	1	WON	-	1	Hot Axios	10 mm × 10 mm	-	Distal	LAMS in LAMS technique

WON: Walled of necrosis; PFC: Pancreatic fluid collections; FCSEMS: Fully covered self-expanding metal stent; SEMS: Self-expanding metal stent; LAMS: Lumen-apposing metal stent.