Lumen-apposing-metal stent misdeployment in endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainages: A systematic review focusing on issues and rescue management

Table 2 Summary of rescue strategies for lumen-apposing metal stent misdeployment

EUS-CDS
Deployment of a new stent through the created fistula tract	44.1%
Stent-in-stent strategy	23.5%
Endoscopic rendezvous	11.8%
Non-endoscopic rescue strategies	10.3%
EUS-GBD
Stent-in-stent strategy	60%
Clip closure of gastrointestinal wall defect	13%
Deployment of a new stent through the created fistula tract	8%
Non-endoscopic rescue strategies	16%
EUS-PFC
Deployment of a new stent through the created fistula tract	64.5%
Repeated EUS-guided drainage	16.1%
Stent-in-stent strategy	12.9%
Non-endoscopic rescue strategies	3.2%

LAMS: Lumen-apposing metal stent; EUS-CDS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy; EUS-GBD: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage; EUS-PFC: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic fluid collections drainage.