Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2023; 29(20): 3168-3184
Published online May 28, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i20.3168
Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Variables
Training cohort (n = 120)
Validation cohort (n = 30)
Overall cohort (n = 150)
P value
Patient factors
Age [yr, mean (SD)]51.5 (12.1)54.4 (10.9)52.1 (11.9)0.419
Sex, male/female104/16 (86.7%/13.3%)24/6 (80.0%/20.0%)128/22 (85.3%/14.7%) 0.526
Etiology, HBV/other109/11 (90.8%/9.2%)25/5 (83.3%/16.7%)134/16 (89.3%/10.7%)0.39
Ascites, yes/no20/100 (16.7%/83.3%)7/23 (23.3%/76.7%)27/123 (18.0%/82.0%)0.559
Child-Pugh, A/B114/6 (95.0%/5.0%)29/1 (96.7%/3.3%)143/7 (95.3%/4.7%)1
Laboratory parameters
AFP (ng/mL, ≤ 200/> 200)68/52 (56.7%/43.3%)15/15 (50.0%/50.0%)83/67 (55.3%/44.7%)0.652
HGB [g/dL, median (min, max)]139 (72, 838)139 (100, 162)139 (72, 838)0.714
PLT [count, × 109/L, median (min, max)]197 (70, 950)189 (97, 370)192 (70, 950)0.873
AST [U/L, median (min, max)]36.0 (2, 471)33.0 (16, 251)35.0 (2, 471)0.925
ALT [U/L, median (min, max)]34.0 (9, 423)29.0 (12, 329)34.0 (9, 423)0.541
ALB (g/L, ≤ 35/> 35)18/102 (15.0%/85.0%)2/28 (6.7%/93.3%)20/130 (13.3%/86.7%)0.368
TB [μmol/L, median (min, max)]12.5 (3.2, 28.2)12.9 (4.3, 30.9)12.7 (3.2, 30.9)0.996
GGT [U/L, median (min, max)]59.5 (15, 435)57.0 (22, 375)59.0 (15, 435)0.987
BUN (mmol/L, ≤ 6.7/> 6.7(109/11 (90.8%/9.2%)26/4 (86.7%/13.3%)135/15 (90.0%/10.0%)0.734
Creatinine [μmol/L, median (min, max)]77.6 (23, 218)74.0 (43, 110)77.0 (23, 218)0.263
UA [μmol/L, median (min, max)]335 (172, 680)329 (143, 572)334 (143, 680)0.899
PT [s, median (min, max)]13.6 (11.1, 16.5)13.6 (12.1, 15.6)13.6 (11.1, 16.5)0.212
Tumor factors
Tumor number (1/2/≥ 3)80/22/18 (66.7%/18.3%/15.0%)16/7/7 (53.3%//23.3%/23.3%)96/29/25 (64.0%/19.3%/16.7%)
Tumor size (cm, ≤ 5/> 5)39/81 (32.5%/67.5%)11/19 (36.7%/63.3%)50/100 (33.3%/66.7%)0.829
MVI, yes/no55/65 (45.8%/54.2%)13/17 (43.3%/56.7%)68/82 (45.3%/54.7%)1
Tumor capsule, ill-defined/well-defined29/91 (24.2%/75.8%)11/19 (36.7%/63.3%)40/110 (26.7%/73.3%)0.249
Satellite nodules, yes/no26/94 (21.7%/78.3%)10/20 (33.3%/66.7%)36/114 (24.0%/76.0%)0.272
Surgical factors
TACE (c-TACE/DEB-TACE)79/41 (65.8%/34.2%)21/9 (70.0%/30.0%)100/50 (66.7%/33.3%)0.829
Resection Margin (cm, < 1/≥ 1)13/107 (10.8%/89.2%)4/26 (13.3%/86.7%)17/133 (11.3%/88.7%)0.949
Blood transfusion, yes/no38/82 (31.7%/68.3%)14/16 (46.7%/53.3%)52/98 (34.7%/65.3%)0.184
Conventional staging system
AJCC (I/II/III)42/20/58 (35.0%/16.7%/48.3%)10/4/16 (33.3%/13.3%/53.3%)52/24/74 (34.7%/16.0%/49.3%)0.889
BCLC (A/B/C)31/35/54 (25.8%/29.2%/45.0%)10/7/13 (33.3%/23.3%/43.3%)41/42/67 (27.3%/28.0%/44.7%)0.678
CNLC (I/II/III)47/19/54 (39.2%/15.8%/45.0%)12/5/13 (40.0%/16.7%/43.3%)59/24/67 (39.3%/16.0%/44.7%)1
Okuda (I/II/III)65/54/1 (54.2%/45.0%/0.8%)15/15/0 (50.0%/50.0%/0%)80/69/1 (53.3%/46.0%/0.7%)0.749
JIS (0/1/2/3/4)1/42/55/21/1 (0.8%/35.0%/45.8%/17.5%/0.8%)0/10/12/8/0 (0%/33.3%/40.0%/26.7%/0%)1/52/67/29/1 (0.7%/34.7%/44.7%/19.3%/0.7%)0.716
CLIP (0/1/2/3/4)27/28/35/21/9 (22.5%/23.3%/29.2%/17.5%/7.5%)7/7/9/4/3 (23.3%/23.3%/30.0%/13.3%/10.0%)34/35/44/25/12 (22.7%/23.3%/29.3%/16.7%/8.0%)0.962
Inflammation index
GPR (≤ 0.38/> 0.38)66/54 (55.0%/45.0%)18/12 (60.0%/40.0%)84/66 (56.0%/44.0%)0.773
LMR (≤ 2.39/> 2.39)26/94 (21.7%/78.3%)6/24 (20.0%/80.0%)32/118 (21.3%/78.7%)1
NLR (≤ 2.00/> 2.00)60/60 (50.0%/50.0%)16/14 (53.3%/46.7%)76/74 (50.7%/49.3%)0.903
PLR (≤ 84.38/> 84.38)35/85 (29.2%/70.8%)13/17 (43.3%/56.7%)48/102 (32.0%/68.0%)0.204
NrLR (≤ 644.61/> 644.61)106/14 (88.3%/11.7%)28/2 (93.3%/6.7%)134/16 (89.3%/10.7%)0.643
APRI (≤ 0.30/> 0.30)91/29 (75.8%/24.2%)20/10 (66.7%/33.3%)111/39 (74.0%/26.0%)0.429
ANRI (≤ 4.76/> 4.76)10/110 (8.3%/91.7%)4/26 (13.3%/86.7%)14/136 (9.3%/90.7%)0.623
ALRI (≤ 41.96/> 41.96)97/23 (80.8%/19.2%)24/6 (80.0%/20.0%)121/29 (80.7%/19.3%)1
PNI (≤ 52.62/> 52.62)93/27 (77.5%/22.5%)22/8 (73.3%/26.7%)115/35 (76.7%/23.3%)0.809
SII (≤ 336.22/> 336.22)48/72 (40.0%/60.0%)13/17 (43.3%/56.7%)61/89 (40.7%/59.3%)0.901
AFP: An alpha fetoprotein; HGB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALB: Albumin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; UA: Uric acid; PT: Prothrombin time; MVI: Microvascular invasion; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; cTACE: Conventional TACE; DEB-TACE: Drug-eluting beads TACE; GPR: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio; LMR: Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet to lymphocyte ratio; NrLR: Neutrophil times GGT-to-lymphocyte ratio; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; ANRI: AST to neutrophil ratio index; ALRI: AST to lymphocyte ratio index; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index.