Assessment of delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of early-stage gastrointestinal tumors in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants

Table 5 Delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants

Ref.	Year	Country	Type	Organ	DOAC patients	Bleeding rate	Non-DOAC patients	Bleeding rate
Nagata et al[83]	2018	Japan	Retrospective	Upper GI	275	39.6%	301 (warfarin)	45.8%
Horie et al[85]	2022	Japan	Retrospective	Esophagus	161	13%	8692	0.3%1
Yoshio et al[88]	2017	Japan	Retrospective	Stomach	24	20.8%	73 (warfarin)	24.6%
Sanomura et al[89]	2018	Japan	Retrospective	Stomach	21	19.0%	40 (warfarin)	17.5%
Saito et al[90]	2020	Japan	Retrospective	Stomach	77	19.5%	66 (warfarin)	22.7%
Hatta et al[36]	2021	Japan	Retrospective	Stomach	253	17.0%	10,067	4.4%1
Tomida et al[84]	2021	Japan	Retrospective	Stomach	261	14%	467 (warfarin)	18%
Choi et al[91]	2021	Korea	Retrospective	Stomach	23	8.7%	1499	3.0%
Kagawa et al[37]	2022	Japan	Retrospective	Stomach	39	15.4%	752	4.3%1
Nagata et al[83]	2018	Japan	Retrospective	Lower GI	121	13.2%	111 (warfarin)	25.9%
Yamashita et al[92]	2018	Japan	Retrospective	Colon	9	22.0%	19 (warfarin)	26.3%
Ogiyama et al[93]	2020	Japan	Retrospective	Colon	43	23.3%	44 (warfarin)	11.4%
Harada et al[94]	2020	Japan	Retrospective	Colon	25	16.0%	26 (warfarin)	7.7%

¹Included 2 endoscopic mucosal resection patients.

²Included no antithrombotic drug patients.

DOAC: Direct oral anticoagulants.