Contributory roles of sarcopenia and myosteatosis in development of overt hepatic encephalopathy and mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Table 1 Demographic data, relevant clinical characteristics, and skeletal muscle abnormalities of patients in the study

Variables	All patients (n = 108)	Non-HE (n = 59)	HE (n = 49)	P value
Age (years)	53.0 ± 10.8	50.3 ± 9.6	56.2 ± 11.5	0.005a
Gender (male), n, %	84 (77.8)	47 (79.7)	37 (75.5)	0.605
BMI (kg/m2)	20.99 ± 2.59	21.00 ± 2.58	20.96 ± 2.63	0.856
Etiology (n, %)
Viral hepatitis	74 (68.5)	42 (71.2)	32 (65.3)	0.512
Others	34 (31.5)	17 (28.8)	17 (34.7)
Ascites (n, %)
Yes	74 (68.5)	41 (69.5)	33 (67.3)	0.811
No	34 (31.5)	18 (30.5)	16 (32.7)
Child-Pugh score	7.4 ± 1.5	6.9 ± 1.2	7.9 ± 1.8	0.002a
Child-Pugh class A/B/C (n)	38/59/11	25/30/4	13/29/7	0.155
MELD score	11.0 ± 4.4	9.3 ± 3.8	13.0 ± 4.3	< 0.001a
NLR	4.4 ± 4.1	3.9 ± 4.5	4.9 ± 3.5	0.015a
TBIL (umol/L)	22.8 ± 12.9	19.1 ± 9.4	27.3 ± 15.0	0.003a
ALT (U/L)	27.5 ± 19.7	27.1 ± 16.9	28.0 ± 22.8	0.610
AST (U/L)	37.8 ± 28.6	32.0 ± 16.5	44.9 ± 37.4	0.071
Albumin (g/L)	32.6 ± 5.0	33.2 ± 5.3	31.9 ± 4.7	0.161
Creatinine (umol/L)	67.8 ± 25.7	66.6 ± 23.4	69.1 ± 28.5	0.858
Reduction of PPG (%)	53.7 ± 9.1	51.5 ± 9.1	56.5 ± 8.5	0.004a
PMA (HU)	43.5 ± 6.9	46.3 ± 6.6	40.2 ± 5.7	< 0.001a
Myosteatosis	35 (32.4)	10 (16.9)	25 (51.0)	< 0.001a
No myosteatosis	73 (67.6)	49 (83.1)	24 (49.0)
TPMT (mm/m)	11.6 ± 3.1	12.6 ± 2.9	10.4 ± 3.1	< 0.001a
Sarcopenia	31 (28.7)	11 (18.6)	20 (40.8)	0.011a
No sarcopenia	77 (71.3)	48 (81.4)	29 (59.2)

^aP < 0.05.

HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; BMI: Body mass index; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; PPG: Portosystemic pressure gradient; PMA: Psoas muscle attenuation; TPMT: Transversal psoas muscle thickness; HU: Hounsfield units.