Paediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Asian-Pacific region: Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques

Table 2 Diagnostic yield of ileocolonoscopies

Country	Year	Cohort size (n)	Indications (top three) (%)	Findings (%)	Ref.
Australia	2001-2010	999 colonoscopies (15.0% done as follow-up)	Suspected IBD (45.0). Haematochezia (20.0). Abdominal pain (5.0)	61.0% abnormal. IBD (28.2). Polyp (3.9)	[109]
China	2005-2017	326	-	62.6% abnormal. IBD (14.1). Nonspecific colitis (27.0). Polyp (12.0)	[12]
China	2013-2016	229	Abdominal pain (35.4). Haematochezia (27.9). Crissum abscess/anal fistula (17.5)	64.2% abnormal. IBD (38.8). Polyp (27.2). Nonspecific colitis (26.5)	[110]
Hong Kong	2003-2008	79	Haematochezia (58.0). Suspected IBD (29.1)	50.6% abnormal. IBD (16.5). Polyp (29.1)	[111]
Japan	2011-2016	275	Haematochezia (75.0). Diarrhoea (13.0). Abdominal pain (2.2)	77.1% abnormal. IBD (18.5). Eosinophilic GI disease (23.0). Polyp (14.0)	[33]
Japan	2007-2015	274	Haematochezia (42.7). Abdominal pain (30.7). Diarrhoea (15.3)	66.8% abnormal. IBD (43.4). Eosinophilic GI disease (2.2). Polyp (5.9). Nonspecific colitis (8.4)	[112]
Malaysia	2010-2015	121	Suspected IBD (30.0). Haematochezia (21.0). Change in bowel habits (17.0)	85.0% abnormal. IBD (42.0). Polyp (7.0). Nonspecific/infective colitis (25.0)	[113]
Saudi Arabia	1993-2002	183	-	44.0% abnormal. Nonspecific colitis or rectal ulcer (71.0). Polyp (20.0)	[114]
South Korea	2008-2013	168	Abdominal pain (37.5). Diarrhoea (28.0). Haematochezia (27.4)	43.5% abnormal. IBD (19.6). Polyp (1.8). Nonspecific inflammation (14.3)	[17]
South Korea	2011-2015	746	Abdominal pain (43.7). Haematochezia (42.5). Diarrhoea (29.1)	72.2% abnormal. IBD (33.9). Polyp (11.5)	[13]
Taiwan, China	1998-2010	192	Haematochezia (53.5). Abdominal pain (20.6). Iron deficiency anaemia (11.8)	75% abnormal. IBD (8.3). Polyp (20.4). Nonspecific colitis (23.4)	[115]

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; GI: Gastrointestinal.