Novel biomarkers for early detection of gastric cancer

Table 2 Overview of exosome associated with early detection of gastric cancer

Marker	Alterations	Patients	Controls (normal)	Sample	Methods	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUC	Ref.
miRNA
miR-590-5p	Downregulated	168	50	Serum	qRT-PCR	63.7	86.0	0.810	[44]
miR-92a-3p	Downregulated	131	122	Serum	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0.829	[116]
Combination of miR-92b-3p, let-7g-5p, miR-146b-5p, and miR-9-5p	Upregulated	36	12	Serum	qRT-PCR	60	84	0.773	[43]
LncRNA
HOTTIP	Upregulated	126	120	Serum	qRT-PCR	69.8	85.0	0.827	[117]
UEGC1	Upregulated	51	60	Plasma	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0.876	[39]
Pcsk2-2:1	Upregulated	63	29	Serum	qRT-PCR	84	86.5	0.896	[40]
GNAQ-6:1	Downregulated	43	27	Serum	qRT-PCR	83.7	55.6	0.736	[41]
RNA-GC1	Upregulated	522	219	Serum	qRT-PCR	88.2	82.3	0.90	[42]
piRNAs
piR-019308	Upregulated	70	60	Serum	qRT-PCR	57.14	91.67	0.820	[47]
piR-004918	Upregulated	70	60	Serum	qRT-PCR	42.86	95.0	0.754
piR-018569	Upregulated	70	60	Serum	qRT-PCR	44.29	96.67	0.732

miRNA: MicroRNA; lncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; circRNA: Circular RNA; piRNA: Piwi-interacting RNAs; qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; NA: Not applicable; GNAQ-6:1: G protein subunit alpha q-6:1.