Novel biomarkers for early detection of gastric cancer

Table 1 Overview of non-coding RNAs for early detection of GC in the past 5 years

Circulating biomarkers	Alterations	Patients	Controls (normal)	Sample	Methods	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUC	Ref.
miRNA
miR-25	Upregulated	65	65	Plasma	qRT-PCR	87.6	76.9	0.817	[102]
miR-214	Downregulated	168	74	Plasma	qRT-PCR	73.2	91.9	0.880	[103]
miR-376c	Upregulated	47	67	Plasma	qRT-PCR	71.0	78.0	0.77	[104]
miR-381	Downregulated	40	40	Serum	qRT-PCR	83.6	97.5	0.931	[105]
miR-200c	Upregulated	200	250	Tissue and blood	Micoarrayand qRT-PCR	74.0	66.0	0.75	[106]
miR-551b-5p	Downregulated	40	40	Serum	qRT-PCR	77.5	80.0	0.84	[107]
Combination of miR-21, miR-93, miR-106a, and miR-196b	Upregulated	11	17	Plasma	qRT-PCR	84.8	79.2	0.887	[108]
Combination of miR-16, miR-25, miR-92a, miR-451 and miR-486-5p	Upregulated	40	40	Plasma	qRT-PCR	72.9	89.2	0.812	[109]
Combination of miR-4257, miR-6785-5p, miR-187-5p and miR-5739	Upregulated	1417	1417	Serum	microarray analysis	0.996 (index)	0.953 (index)	0998	[23]
Combination of miR-18a, miR-181b, and miR-335	Upregulated	176	173	Serum	qRT-PCR	71.6	87.9	0.86	[95]
Combination of miR-425-5p, miR-1180-3p. miR-122-5p, miR-24-3p and miR-4632-5p	Downregulated	30	90	Plasma	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0829	[21]
Combination of miRNA-3185, miRNA-6083, miRNA-6792-3p, and miRNA-659-3p	Upregulated	52	30	Plasma	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0.825	[110]
Combination of miRNA-936, miRNA-1306-3p	Downregulated	52	30	Plasma	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0.730	[110]
Long non-coding RNAs
ZNFX1-AS1	Upregulated	50	50	Plasma	qRT-PCR	84	68	0.85	[26]
LINC00978	Upregulated	38	31	Serum	qRT-PCR	80	70	0.831	[111]
CTC-501O10.1	Upregulated	100	100	Plasma	qRT-PCR	90	51	0.74	[112]
AC100830.4	Upregulated	100	100	Plasma	qRT-PCR	84	58	0.73	[112]
RP11-210K20.5	Upregulated	100	100	Plasma	qRT-PCR	89	55	0.737	[112]
CTC-497E21.4	Upregulated	110	84	Serum	qRT-PCR	81.8	75.0	0.896	[113]
SNHG17	Upregulated	67	67	Plasma	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0.748	[114]
ARHGAP27P1	Downregulated	53	53	Plasma	qRT-PCR	75,5	60.4	0.732	[115]
PANDAR	Upregulated	109	106	Plasma	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0.767	[27]
FOXD2-AS1	Upregulated	109	106	Plasma	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0.700	[27]
SMARCC2	Upregulated	109	106	Plasma	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0.748	[27]
LINC00086	Downregulated	168	74	Plasma	qRT-PCR	72.6	83.8	0.86	[103]
B3GALT5-AS1	Upregulated	107	87	Serum	qRT-PCR	87.4	74.7	0.816	[28]
C5orF66-AS1	Downregulated	200	278	Serum	qRT-PCR	77.5	53.6	0.668	[29]
HCP5	Upregulated	98	82	Serum	qRT-PCR	80	70	0.818	[30]
Combined of lnc-MB21D1-3:5, lnc-PSCA-4:2 and lnc-ABCC5-2:1	Upregulated	52	30	Plasma	qRT-PCR	NA	NA	0904	[110]
circular RNAs
has_circ_0000745	Downregulated	60	60	Plasma	qRT-PCR	85.5	45,0	0.683	[33]
circPTPN22	Upregulated	120	104	Plasma	qRT-PCR	78.0	84.0	0.857	[35]
hsa_circ_0001789	Downregulated	24	24	Plasma	qRT-PCR	84.0	50.0	0.82	[34]
8-circRNA biomarker panel	Upregulated	92	46	Serum	qRT-PCR	78.3	78.3	0.87	[36]

miRNA: Micro RNA; qRT-PCR: Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; AUC: Area under curve; HCP5: HLA Complex P5; lncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; circ RNA: Circular RNA; NA: Not applicable; ZNFX1-AS1: ZNFX1 antisense RNA 1; PANDAR: Promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage activated RNA; FOXD2-AS1: FOXD2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1; SMARCC2: SWI/SN F related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily c member 2; B3GALT5-AS1: B3GALT5 antisense RNA 1; C5orf66-AS1: C5orf66 antisense RNA 1.