Predictive value of presepsin and acylcarnitines for severity and biliary drainage in acute cholangitis

Table 1 Clinical characteristics according to severity grading of acute cholangitis

Variables	All cases (n = 280)	Mild (n = 65)	Moderate (n = 84)	Severe (n = 131)	P value
Demographic data, age (yr)	74 (66, 84)	69 (63, 81)	79.5 (69, 87)	74 (66, 84)	0.001
Male, n (%)	166 (59.3)	34 (52.3)	53 (63.1)	79 (60.3)	0.392
Comorbidities, n (%)
CHD	78 (27.9)	19 (29.2)	22 (26.2)	37(28.2)	0.911
Heart failure	23 (8.2)	3 (4.6)	5 (6.0)	15 (11.5)	0.173
Hypertension	87 (31.1)	16 (24.6)	32 (38.1)	39 (29.8)	0.192
CVD	33 (11.8)	4 (6.2)	10 (11.9)	19 (14.5)	0.233
COPD	10 (3.6)	1 (1.5)	2 (2.4)	7 (5.3)	0.313
Diabetes mellitus	64 (22.9)	11 (16.9)	18 (21.4)	35 (26.7)	0.286
Biliary drainage, n (%)					0.015
No	104 (37.1)	34 (52.3)	27 (32.1)	43 (35.0)
ERCP/PTCD	176 (62.9)	31 (47.7)	57 (67.9)	88 (67.2)
Infection data
Temperature (℃)	37.5 (36.7, 38.5)	37.2 (36.5, 38.0)	37.5 (36.6, 38.6)	37.8 (36.8, 38.5)	0.044
WBC count (× 109/L)	10.73 (7.37, 14.83)	8.10 (6.47, 10.22)	13.00 (8.61, 16.56)	11.35 (7.89, 15.71)	< 0.001
Liver function
TBIL (μmol/L)	98.69 (62.63, 142.32)	69.26 (48.02, 103.37)	114.40 (77.04, 164.67)	103.99 (74.30, 139.53)	< 0.001
DBIL (μmol/L)	70.29 (42.68, 98.75)	43.20 (26.53, 75.64)	78.90 (58.09, 110.40)	72.07 (44.85, 96.29)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	148.00 (80.00, 287.50)	166.00 (63.50, 386.50)	145.00 (84.62, 300.00)	148.00 (77.00, 240.00)	0.626
AST (U/L)	138.05 (82.50, 286.10)	129.50 (69.60, 346.20)	138.80 (96.10, 299.10)	137.85 (72.03, 266.53)	0.744
SOFA score	2 (1, 4)	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 2)	4 (3, 5)	< 0.001
28-d mortality, n (%)	9 (3.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	9 (6.9)	0.005

Data expressed as median (P₂₅, P₇₅) or n (%). CHD: Coronary heart disease; CVD: Cerebral vascular disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PTCD: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; WBC: White blood cell; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment.