Effect and mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

Figure 4 Echinococcus multilocularis activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3-caspase-1-interleukin-1β pathways in Kupffer cells. A: Cellular localisation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) in the marginal zone (red denotes NLRP3 inflammasomes, blue denotes 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stained nuclei, and green denotes the macrophage marker, CD68); B: Cellular localisation of caspase-1 in the marginal zone (red denotes caspase-1, blue denotes DAPI stained nuclei, and green denotes CD68); C: The identification of Kupffer cells at 200 × magnification and; D: The identification of Kupffer cells at 400× magnification (red denotes CD68 and blue denotes DAPI stained nuclei; the final image is a fusion image); E: Isolation of E. multilocularis; F: Relative expression in the co-culture and control groups. Scale bar, 50 μm. F, n = 3. ^bP < 0.01. NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.