Acoustic radiation force impulse predicts long-term outcomes in a large-scale cohort: High liver cancer, low comorbidity in hepatitis B virus

Table 1 Baseline demographic features of the cohort

	HBV (n = 1064)	HCV (n = 507)	NBNC (n = 391)	P value	Missing rate
Demographics
Age (yr)	52.05 ± 10.90	58.69 ± 10.84	51.97 ± 13.10	< 0.0001 (2 & 3, 1 & 2)	0.00%
Male sex, n (%)	825 (77.5)	273 (53.8)	233 (59.6)	< 0.0001	0.00%
Weight (kg)	68.36 ± 12.30	64.53 ± 12.17	70.94 ± 14.09	< 0.0001 (2 & 3, 1 & 2, 1 & 3)	0.97%
Height (cm)	166.34 ± 7.62	161.67 ± 8.57	164.18 ± 8.75	< 0.0001 (2 & 3, 1 & 2, 1 & 3)	2.80%
BMI (kg/m2)	24.66 ± 3.62	24.58 ± 3.75	26.25 ± 4.23	< 0.0001 (2 & 3, 1 & 3)	3.47%
Lab data at ARFI study
Spleen index (cm2)	31.97 ± 14.47	33.63 ± 16.72	34.07 ± 16.05	0.0640 (1 & 3)	0.03%
Albumin (mg/dL)	4.345 ± 0.51	4.29 ± 0.51	4.43 ± 0.48	0.0040 (2 & 3)	42.15%
AST (U/L)	57.50 ± 102.16	62.46 ± 58.08	58.40 ± 50.72		1.12%
ALT (U/L)	75.05 ± 162.88	71.52 ± 69.61	83.46 ± 78.32		1.33%
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.93 ± 1.23	0.91 ± 1.19	0.92 ± 1.21		12.79%
Prothrombin time (INR)	1.10 ± 0.13	1.11 ± 0.21	1.06 ± 0.13	0.0040 (2 & 3, 1 & 3)	42.15%
Platelets (109/L)	177.86 ± 61.86	170.13 ± 60.19	218.96 ± 76.08	< 0.0001 (2 & 3, 1 & 3)	13.25%
FIB4	2.454 ± 2.720	3.31 ± 3.04	2.06 ± 2.13	< 0.0001 (2 & 3, 1 & 2)	23.35%
Mean ARFI (m/s)1	1.40 ± 0.46	1.60 ± 0.61	1.42 ± 0.62	< 0.0001 (2 & 3, 1 & 2)	0.00%
Stiffness status1				< 0.0001
Cirrhosis	331 (31.1)	163 (32.1)	78 (19.9)
Severe fibrosis	138 (13.0)	110 (21.7)	61 (15.6)
Moderate fibrosis	114 (10.7)	68 (13.4)	29 (7.4)
Mild or non-fibrosis	481(45.2)	166(32.7)	223(57.0)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	181 (17.0)	147 (29.0)	115 (29.4)	< 0.0001
Diabetes	119 (11.2)	103 (20.3)	76 (19.4)	< 0.0001
Heart failure	14 (1.3)	17 (3.4)	7 (1.8)	0.023
Atrial fibrillation	9 (0.8)	11 (2.2)	5 (1.3)	0.091
Myocardial infraction	12 (1.1)	5 (1.0)	2 (0.5)	0.567
Ischemic stroke	6 (0.6)	17 (3.4)	8 (2.0)	< 0.0001
Dyslipidemia	170 (16.0)	95 (18.7)	125 (32.0)	< 0.0001
Follow-up (year)
mean ± SD	4.59 ± 2.22	4.34 ± 2.35	3.13 ± 2.15	< 0.0001 (1 & 3, 2 & 3)
Median/IQR	4.54/3.59	3.97/3.88	2.61/3.23

¹Cutoff values according to reference 11.

ARFI: Acoustic radiation force impulse; FIB4: Fibrosis-4 index; BMI: Body mass index; HBV: Hepatitis B; HCV: Hepatitis C; NBNC: Non-hepatitis B, non-hepatitis C; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.