Occam’s razor or Hickam’s dictum-COVID-19 is not a textbook aetiology of acute pancreatitis: A modified Naranjo Score appraisal

Table 1 Modified Naranjo Score used to grade the included studies with respective points allocated to each criterion

Criteria	Yes	No	Unsure
Are there published reports of the COVID-19 causing acute pancreatitis?	+ 1	0	0
Was there short latency (≤ 7 d) between the onset of infection and the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?	+ 2	- 1	0
Was there a temporal relationship (≤ 1 mo) between onset of infection and onset of acute pancreatitis symptoms?	+ 1	- 1	0
Did the acute pancreatitis resolve following resolution of the infection?	+ 1	- 1	0
Were all commonly known causes of acute pancreatitis ruled out? (e.g., gallstones/choledocholithiasis, alcohol, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercalcaemia, ERCP, trauma)	+ 1	- 1	0
Was a serum IgG4 level checked? (To rule out autoimmune pancreatitis)	+ 1	0	0
Does the patient have or was the patient recently diagnosed with an infection (other than COVID-19) which could cause pancreatitis?	- 1	+ 1	0
Was an EUS and/or MRCP performed? (e.g., to rule out occult microlithiasis, pancreatic malignancy and pancreas divisum)	+ 1	- 1	0

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; IgG4: Immunoglobulin G4; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.