Preoperative prediction of macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma through dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics

Table 1 Clinical and pathological features in the training and test sets

Characteristics	Training set (n = 162)			Test set (n = 70)			P value
	nMTM-HCC (n = 118)	MTM-HCC (n = 44)	P value	nMTM-HCC (n = 51)	MTM-HCC (n = 19)	P value
Age, mean ± SD	60.6 ± 10.9	52.4 ± 9.9	< 0.001	60.7 ± 10.4	54.7 ± 9.7	0.034	0.647
Sex (men, %)	102 (86.4)	42 (95.5)	0.179	39 (76.5)	18 (94.7)	0.161	0.125
HBsAg (positive, %)	91 (77.1)	33 (75.0)	0.777	38 (74.5)	14 (73.7)	0.944	0.712
AFP > 400 µg/L, n (%)	18 (15.3)	31 (70.5)	< 0.001	12 (23.5)	9 (47.4)	0.053	0.970
CEA (ug/L)	2.6 (2.1)	2.7 (1.9)	0.719	2.2 (2.0)	2.2 (1.2)	0.543	0.332
CA19-9 (U/mL)	15.0 (19.3)	28.0 (25.4)	0.021	16.7 (17.1)	16.0 (34.4)	0.687	0.770
PLT (× 109/L)	135.0 (83.0)	174.0 (88.5)	0.027	135.0 (57.0)	175.0 (127.0)	0.001	0.970
TBIL (µmol/L)	16.6 (10.8)	20.7 (9.8)	0.067	15.7 (10.3)	14.4 (7.6)	0.916	0.509
DBIL (µmol/L)	3.8 (2.6)	4.8 (2.9)	0.060	3.2 (2.1)	3.3 (2.7)	0.620	0.419
IBIL (µmol/L)	12.5 (7.0)	15.0 (7.4)	0.136	12.2 (7.8)	10.9 (4.5)	0.712	0.061
Albumin, mean ± SD	37.8 ± 5.0	37.0 ± 5.8	0.387	37.8 ± 5.0	38.3 ± 5.1	0.715	0.647
AST (U/L)	32.0 (23.5)	43.0 (68.8)	0.004	33.0 (29.0)	43.0 (61.0)	0.135	0.980
ALT (U/L)	31.5 (34.0)	46.0 (64.0)	0.023	28.0 (35.0)	57.0 (96.0)	0.074	0.748
AST/ALT	1.1 (0.6)	1.1 (0.5)	0.702	1.3 (0.5)	1.1 (0.7)	0.207	0.842
Edmondson-Steiner grade (III-IV, %)	38 (32.2)	18 (40.9)	0.300	14 (27.5)	10 (52.6)	0.048	0.967
Microvascular invasion, n (%)	56 (47.5)	20 (45.5)	0.820	18 (35.3)	10 (52.6)	0.188	0.331
Satellite nodules, n (%)	9 (7.6)	5 (11.4)	0.452	1 (2.0)	1 (5.3)	0.461	0.110
Biliary invasion, n (%)	4 (3.4)	1 (2.3)	0.715	2 (3.9)	1 (5.3)	0.805	0.646

Data in parentheses are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). MTM-HCC: Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma; nMTM-HCC: Non-macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; PLT: Platelet count; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; IBIL: Indirect bilirubin; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transferase; SD: Standard deviation.