Comprehensive review on small common bile duct stones

Table 1 Short- and long-term complications of endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation/endoscopic sphincterotomy

	Short-term complications			Long-term complications
	Bleeding	PEP	Perforation	Cholecystitis	Recurrence of stones in CBD
Incidence
EST	3%	3%	Rare	EST > EPBD	EST > EPBD
EPBD	Less than 0.1%	10%	Very rare
Prophylactic methods	Cessation of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents referred to each country's guidelines; EST with cutting at approximately 11 o'clock direction	Diclofenac; Pancreatic stenting in selected patients at high risk for PEP; 2-3 min EPBD in patients with EPBD	There is no evidence comparing incision size, the incidence of procedural adverse events, and therapeutic outcomes following EST	We consider EPBD in cases of small bile duct stones, bleeding tendency, young age, and even in surgically altered anatomy in which EST is difficult	We consider EPBD in cases of small bile duct stones, bleeding tendency, young age, and even in surgically altered anatomy in which EST is difficult

CBD: Common bile duct; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation; PEP: Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.