Antihepatoma peptide, scolopentide, derived from the centipede scolopendra subspinipes mutilans

Table 1 Small molecular extracts of centipede

Name	Extract methods	Function	Ref.
Scolopendrin I	Cation-exchange chromatography and two steps RP-HPLC	Antimicrobial (G+, G-, and fungi)	[53]
Scolopin 1	(1) Sephadex Gel Chromatography; (2) RP-HPLC; and (3) characterized by MALDI-TOF MS	Antimicrobial (G+, G-, fungi, drug-resistant bacteria)	[37]
Scolopin 2, Scolopin 2-NH2	(1) Sephadex Gel Chromatography; (2) RP-HPLC; and (3) Scolopin2-NH2 was amidation modification from scolopin 2	(1) Antimicrobial (G+, G-, fungi, and drug-resistant bacteria); and (2) inhibit proliferation of cervical cancer HeLa cells	[16,37,45]
LBLP	Transcriptomic data analysis, peptide synthesis	Anti-fungi	[54]
Scolopendrasin II, V, III, X	Next-generation sequencing	(1) Antimicrobial (G+, G-, drug-resistant bacteria, fungi); and (2) regulating immune system to antimicrobial indirectly	[40,55-57]
Scolopendrasin IX	Next-generation sequencing	(1) Regulating immune system to antimicrobial indirectly; and (2) treating autoimmune arthritis	[58]
Scolopendrasin VII	Next-generation sequencing	(1) Antimicrobial (G+, G-, drug-resistant bacteria, and fungi); (2) regulating immune system to antimicrobial indirectly; and (3) inhibiting leukemia U937 and jurkat cells	[17,59,60]
Scolopendin, 1, 2	RNA sequencing	Antimicrobial (G+, G-, drug-resistant bacteria, and fungi)	[41-44]
SerGln-Leu (SQL)	(1) Ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-50 column, Source 15Q anion exchange Column; (2) RP-HPLC C18 column; and (3) characterized by ESI-MS	Anticoagulation and antithrombotic	[7]
Thr-Asn-Gly-Tyr-Thr, (TNGYT)	(1) Sephadex G-50 column; (2) RP-HPLC C18 column; and (3) Characterized by ESI-MS	Anticoagulation and antithrombotic	[38]
SsTx-R12A	Red-headed centipede’s venom cDNA arsenal	Treating autoimmune diseases mediated by T cells	[61]
SsmTX-I	Red-headed centipede’s venom cDNA arsenal	Analgesic	[62]
SsTx	Sephadex G-50 Gel Chromatography and RP-HPLC	Blocking KCNQ potassium channels leads to cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular and nervous system damage	[8]
Ssm6a	Sephadex Gel Chromatography and RP-HPLC	Analgesic	[39]
Haemolymph and tissue extracts	(1) Enzymatic hydrolysis; (2) HPLC; and (3) characterized by MS	Antimicrobial (G+, G-, fungi, viruses, and parasites)	[6]
Lacrain	RP-HPLC and characterized by MS	Antibacterial (G-)	[63]
Pinipesin	(1) Organic solvent extraction; (2) HPLC Jupiter® C18 column; and (3) characterized by MS	Antimicrobial	[5]
AECS	Organic solvent extraction (ethanol)	Inducing apoptosis of human epidermal carcinoma A431 cells and human melanoma HEK293/EGFR, A375 cells	[4,18]
Two isoquinoline alkaloids	(1) Organic solvent extraction (ethanol); (2) sephadex G-25 Gel chromatography; and (3) HPLC	Inducing apoptosis of brain glioma U87 cells	[3]
Centipede water extract, alcohol extract	(1) Water extraction; (2) freeze-thawing with liquid nitrogen, ultrasonic extraction; and (3) organic solvent extraction (ethanol)	No tumour inhibition in S180 and H22 Transplanted tumour mice	[2]
CE, CA	Organic solvent extraction	Inhibiting cervical tumours in vivo	[64]
Centipede chloroform extract	Organic solvent extraction (hexane, chloroform, ethanol)	Reducing central nervous system symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease	[65]
Scom 5	(1) Superdex 75 gel filtration; (2) RESOURCE S ion chromatography; and (3) characterized by LC-MSMS, MALDI-TOF/TOF and protein sequencing techniques	Human allergens	[11]

HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography; RP-HPLC: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; MS: Mass spectrum.