Autoimmune liver diseases and SARS-CoV-2

Table 3 Cases of autoimmune hepatitis-like syndromes after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine: Diagnostics, treatment, and clinical outcomes

Diagnostics
Peak laboratory values (mean ± SD)
AST (IU/l)	936 ± 523
ALT (IU/l)	1060 ± 567
GGT (IU/l)	312 ± 220
ALP (IU/l)	209 ± 95
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	9.8 ± 8.5
IgG (g/L)	21.7 ± 6.7
Antibodies, n (%)
ANA	33 (83)
ASMA	7 (18)
SLA/LP	2 (5)
AMA	5 (13)
Others (ANCA, DS-DNA)	3 (8)
Liver biopsy
Performed	39
Not performed	1
Morphologic characteristics, n (%)
Interface hepatitis	31 (78)
Lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates	36 (90)
Rosette formation	5 (13)
Treatment
First agent
Budesonide	1
Prednisone	15
Prednisolone	17
Methylprednisolone	3
Hydrocortisone	1
Steroids	3
No treatment	2
Second agent
Azathioprine	8
Prednisolone	2
Clinical outcomes
Time to the first improvement, days (mean ± SD)	4.6 ± 2.9
Time to resolution, days (mean ± SD)	44.6 ± 37
Alive	37
Dead	3

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; ANA: Antinuclear antibody; ASMA: Anti-smooth muscle antibody; SLA/LP: Anti-soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas; AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibodies; ANCA: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; Ds-DNA: Anti-double stranded DNA.