In vivo recognition of bioactive substances of Polygonum multiflorum for protecting mitochondria against metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Figure 5 Effects of Polygonum multiflorum-derived constituents in liver mitochondria on L02 adipocytes induced by fat emulsion. L02 cells were induced by fat emulsion for 24 h, then treated with liver mitochondrial extracts of the model group (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL), liver mitochondrial extract of high-dose of Polygonum multiflorum extract (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL), or fenofibrate capsules (150 μmol/L) for 24 h. Cells were harvested. A: Fat accumulation in cells was evaluated under a light microscope (× 200) after Oil Red O staining; B: Cell levels of total cholesterol were determined using a commercial kit; C: Cell levels of triglyceride were determined using a commercial kit; D: Cell levels of glutathione were determined using a commercial kit; E: Cell levels of superoxide dismutase were determined using a commercial kit; F: Cell levels of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase were determined using a commercial kit; G: Cell levels of Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase were determined using a commercial kit; H: Cell levels of complex I were determined using a commercial kit; I: Cell levels of complex II were determined using a commercial kit. Data were obtained from 3 independent measurements and are expressed as the mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001 vs model group. ATPase: ATP synthase; Complex I/II: human mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I/II, FC: Fenofibrate capsules; GSH: Glutathione; MOD: Model; MME: Liver mitochondrial extracts from the model group; NC: Normal control; PMME: Liver mitochondrial extracts from the high-dose of Polygonum multiflorum extract group; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride.