Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer oxaliplatin resistance and liquid biopsy potential

Figure 2 Overview of the mechanisms by which several non-coding RNAs exert oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. Various microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs are up-regulated or down-regulated in colorectal cancer and mediate oxaliplatin resistance via a multitude of mechanisms. These mechanisms include acting as competing endogenous RNAs, generating encoded peptides, regulating autophagy, inducing apoptosis, and interfering with DNA damage and repair. In particular, several non-coding RNAs have been demonstrated to confer oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer cells via exosomes. CRC: Colorectal cancer; lncRNAs: Long non-coding RNAs; miRNAs; MicroRNAs; circRNAs: Circular RNAs.