Inverse correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and atrophic gastritis assessed by endoscopy and serology

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis on the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age (10 yr)	1.01	0.99-1.04	0.319	1.10	1.06-1.14	< 0.001
Male sex	2.28	2.13-2.45	< 0.001	1.96	1.79-2.15	< 0.001
BMI
< 23	Reference			Reference
23-25	1.60	1.48-1.73	< 0.001	1.27	1.16-1.39	< 0.001
> 25	2.13	1.98-2.30	< 0.001	1.51	1.37-1.67	< 0.001
Metabolic syndrome	1.53	1.42-1.64	< 0.001	1.12	1.03-1.22	0.008
Medication of sedatives or hypnotics	0.99	0.83-1.18	0.906	1.01	0.83-1.22	0.919
Alcohol intake	1.47	1.36-1.59	< 0.001	1.10	1.00-1.21	0.043
Smoking history
Never smoker	Reference			Reference
Ex-smoker	1.46	1.36-1.57	< 0.001	0.97	0.88-1.06	0.439
Current smoker	1.82	1.67-1.97	< 0.001	1.26	1.14-1.39	< 0.001
Low level of physical activity	1.08	1.01-1.16	0.021	1.06	0.98-1.14	0.132
Having large meal	1.23	1.11-1.35	< 0.001	1.06	0.95-1.18	0.304
High fat diet	1.17	1.10-1.26	< 0.001	1.00	0.93-1.08	0.992
High salt diet	1.24	1.13-1.36	< 0.001	1.07	0.96-1.19	0.195
High caffeine intake	1.11	1.04-1.19	0.003	0.97	0.90-1.05	0.464
Seropositivity for H. Pylori IgG Ab	0.44	0.41-0.47	< 0.001	0.49	0.45-0.54	< 0.001

Ab: Antibody; BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; H. Pylori: Helicobacter pylori.