Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery for undifferentiated intramucosal gastric cancer regardless of size

Table 2 Clinical outcomes and adverse events of early gastric cancer resection according to treatment modality

Variables	ESD (n =119)	Surgery (n = 119)	P value
Median hospital stay, d (IQR)	4.0 (4.0-5.0)	9.0 (8.0-9.0)	< 0.001
ICU admission, n (%)	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)	-
30-d readmission, n (%)	3 (2.5)1	2 (1.7)2	-
Operation-related death, n (%)	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)	-
Complication, n (%)	14 (11.8)	7 (5.9)	0.110
Bleeding (early/late)	8/0	0/0
Perforation (early/late)	5/0	N/A
Pneumonia (early/late)	1/0	0/0
Anastomosis site leakage (early/late)	N/A	1/0
Adhesion or bowel obstruction (early/late)	0/0	1/2
Hernia (early/late)	N/A	1/2

¹All cases were bleeding.

²Vomiting owing to anastomosis site stricture, and pain owing to hernia.

Early and late complications occurred within or later than 30 days after operation or procedure, respectively. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ICU: Intensive care unit; IQR: Interquartile range; N/A: Not applicable.