Clinical online nomogram for predicting prognosis in recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study

Table 2 Intra- and postoperative clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery

Characteristic	Training cohort	Validation cohort	P value
	N = 299	N = 142
Operation duration (h)			0.168
≤ 2	66 (22.1%)	38 (26.8%)
2-4	122 (40.8%)	64 (45.1%)
> 4	111 (37.1%)	40 (28.2%)
Liver cirrhosis			0.690
No	261 (87.3%)	122 (85.9%)
Yes	38 (12.7%)	20 (14.1%)
Hepatic atrophy			0.068
No	124 (41.5%)	72 (50.7%)
Yes	175 (58.5%)	70 (49.3%)
Intrahepatic stenosis			0.182
No	238 (79.6%)	105 (73.9%)
Yes	61 (20.4%)	37 (26.1%)
Extrahepatic stones			0.813
No	64 (21.4%)	29 (20.4%)
Yes	235 (78.6%)	113 (79.6%)
Hepatectomy			0.084
No	101 (33.8%)	60 (42.3%)
Yes	198 (66.2%)	82 (57.7%)
Bilateral hepatolithiasis			0.074
No	238 (79.6%)	123 (86.6%)
Yes	61 (20.4%)	19 (13.4%)
Drainage mode			0.125
External T tube drainage	205 (68.6%)	109 (76.8%)
Cholangioenterostomy	44 (14.7%)	19 (13.4%)
Combined drainage	50 (16.7%)	14 (9.9%)
Function of the SO			0.521
Normal	130 (43.5%)	72 (50.7%)
Dysfunction	62 (20.7%)	27 (19.0%)
Nonfunctional	83 (27.8%)	32 (22.5%)
Resected	24 (8.0%)	11 (7.7%)
Intraoperative bleeding (mL)			0.465
< 400	285 (95.3%)	133 (93.7%)
≥ 400	14 (4.7%)	9 (6.3%)
Blood transfusion			0.112
No	258 (86.3%)	130 (91.5%)
Yes	41 (13.7%)	12 (8.5%)
TB after operation (μmol/L)			0.131
< 34.2	232 (77.6%)	119 (83.8%)
≥ 34.2	67 (22.4%)	23 (16.2%)
Bile culture			0.471
Negative	196 (65.6%)	98 (69.0%)
Positive	103 (34.4%)	44 (31.0%)
Clavien-Dindo classification			0.784
< III	286 (95.7%)	135 (95.1%)
≥ III	13 (4.3%)	7 (4.9%)
Hospitalization expenses	48272 ± 22537	44933 ± 25354	0.164
Immediate clearance			0.298
Yes	229 (76.6%)	115 (81.0%)
No	70 (23.4%)	27 (19.0%)
Final clearance			0.399
Yes	283 (94.6%)	137 (96.5%)
No	16 (5.4%)	5 (3.5%)

SO: Sphincter of Oddi; TB: Total bilirubin.