Clinical online nomogram for predicting prognosis in recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study

Table 1 Preoperative clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent hepatolithiasis after biliary surgery

Characteristic	Training cohort	Validation cohort	P value
	N = 299	N = 142
Sex			0.785
Male	93 (31.1%)	46 (32.4%)
Female	206 (68.9%)	96 (67.6%)
Age (yr)			0.613
< 60	153 (51.2%)	69 (48.6%)
≥ 60	146 (48.8%)	73 (51.4%)
BMI	21.72 ± 2.87	22.19 ± 2.96	0.317
Abdominal pain			0.204
No	39 (13.0%)	25 (17.6%)
Yes	260 (87.0%)	117 (82.4%)
Fever			0.162
No	175 (58.5%)	93 (65.5%)
Yes	124 (41.5%)	49 (34.5%)
Jaundice			0.060
No	227 (75.9%)	119 (83.8%)
Yes	72 (24.1%)	23 (16.2%)
Number of previous surgeries			0.374
1	199 (66.6%)	101 (71.1%)
2	57 (19.1%)	29 (20.4%)
3	33 (11.0%)	9 (6.3%)
≥ 4	10 (3.3%)	3 (2.1%)
Previous hepatectomy			0.293
No	238 (79.6%)	119 (83.8%)
Yes	61 (20.4%)	23 (16.2%)
Previous cholangioenterostomy			0.057
No	257 (86.0%)	131 (92.3%)
Yes	42 (14.0%)	11 (7.7%)
NLR			0.453
< 2.462	188 (62.9%)	84 (59.2%)
≥ 2.462	111 (37.1%)	58 (40.8%)
< PLR			0.804
173.74	237 (79.3%)	114 (80.3%)
≥ 173.74	62 (20.7%)	28 (19.7%)
AGR			0.430
> 1.5	104 (34.8%)	44 (31.0%)
≤ 1.5	195 (65.2%)	98 (69.0%)
TB (μmol/L)			0.262
< 34.2	249 (83.3%)	112 (78.9%)
≥ 34.2	50 (16.7%)	30 (21.1%)
ALT (IU/L)			0.474
< 50	181 (60.5%)	91 (64.1%)
≥ 50	118 (39.5%)	51 (35.9%)
AST (IU/L)			0.522
< 40	180 (60.2%)	90 (63.4%)
≥ 40	119 (39.8%)	52 (36.6%)
ALP (IU/L)			0.053
< 200	180 (60.2%)	99 (69.7%)
≥ 200	119 (39.8%)	43 (30.3%)
GGT (IU/L)			0.182
< 150	146 (48.8%)	79 (55.6%)
≥ 150	153 (51.2%)	63 (44.4%)
HBsAg			0.107
Negative	271 (90.6%)	135 (95.1%)
Positive	28 (9.4%)	7 (4.9%)
CA19-9 (U/mL)			0.428
< 34	208 (69.6%)	104 (73.2%)
≥ 34	91 (30.4%)	38 (26.8%)
Hepatolithiasis research group			0.089
I	19 (6.4%)	18 (12.7%)
II	152 (50.8%)	67 (47.2%)
III	100 (33.4%)	49 (34.5%)
IV	28 (9.4%)	8 (5.6%)
Tsunoda classification			0.052
I	17 (5.7%)	19 (13.4%)
II	166 (55.5%)	74 (52.1%)
III	100 (33.4%)	43 (30.3%)
IV	16 (5.4%)	6 (4.2%)
Chinese medical association			0.295
I	238 (79.6%)	123 (86.6%)
IIa	30 (10.0%)	8 (5.6%)
IIb	25 (8.4%)	8 (5.6%)
IIc	6 (2.0%)	3 (2.1%)

BMI: Body mass index; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; AGR: Albumin-to-globulin ratio; TB: Total bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.