Abnormal liver chemistries as a predictor of COVID-19 severity and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients

Table 5 Association of abnormal liver chemistries and mortality in patients with a positive test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2

Parameters	Unadjusted, Cox regression		Adjusted1, Cox regression		Log-rank test
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	P value
ALT, Abnormality type
Normal,	Reference		Reference
1-2 ULN	0.83 (0.65-1.07)	0.146	0.95 (0.72-1.25)	0.719	< 0.001
> 2-5 ULN	0.52 (0.40-0.68)	< 0.001	0.68 (0.53-0.92)	0.013
> 5 ULN	0.84 (0.64-1.11)	0.219	1.31 (0.98-1.79)	0.092
AST, Abnormality type
Normal	Reference		Reference
1-2 ULN	1.16 (0.94-1.43)	0.169	1.07 (0.84-1.35)	0.584	0.001
> 2-5 ULN	1.48 (1.11-1.98)	0.008	1.49 (1.06-2.10)	0.021
> 5 ULN	2.13 (1.37-3.32)	0.001	2.19 (1.27-3.76)	0.005
Bilirubin, Abnormality type
Normal	Reference		Reference
1-2 ULN	1.74 (1.27-2.40)	0.001	1.58 (1.04-2.22)	0.032	< 0.001
> 2-5 ULN	2.49 (1.24-5.02)	0.011	6.00 (2.90-12.41)	< 0.001
> 5 ULN	2.78 (0.89-8.65)	0.078	7.86 (1.88-32.96)	0.005
ALP, Abnormality type
Normal	Reference		Reference
1-2 ULN	1.52 (1.20-1.92)	< 0.001	1.42 (1.09-1.86)	0.009	0.001
> 2-5 ULN	2.13 (1.36-3.35)	0.001	1.81 (1.05-3.10)	0.032
> 5 ULN	1.05 (0.15-7.45)	0.964	1.84 (0.25-13.38)	0.547

¹Age, gender, ethnicity, race, body mass index, and all the preexisting comorbidities were adjusted as confounders in the Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.

SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; ALT: Alanine aminotransferases; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; T-Bil: Total bilirubin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ULN: Upper limit of normal.