Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in 2021

Table 1 Risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and recommended surveillance

	High risk	Intermediate risk	Low risk
Risk factors	(1) PSC; (2) Extensive involvement; (3) Moderate-severe active inflammation sustained over time (endoscopic or histological); (4) First-degree relative with CRC before age 50; (5) Stenosis or dysplasia detected during the previous five years; (6) Appearance of IBD at a young age; (7) If ileo-anal pouch: (a) Dysplasia; (b) Previous CRC; (c) PSC; and (d) Type C mucosa in the pouch	(1) Extensive colitis with mild or moderate sustained inflammatory activity (endoscopic or histological); (2) Inflammatory polyps; and (3) First-degree relative with CRC after age 50	(1) Factors other than high and intermediate risk; and (2) If ileo-anal pouch: Without risk factors
Surveillance	Annual	Every three years	Every five years

CRC: Colorectal cancer; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis.