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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 28, 2022; 28(48): 6909-6921
Published online Dec 28, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6909
Published online Dec 28, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6909
Compound name | Species | Diet/duration | Treatment | Key findings | Reference |
MonoHER | Female C57BL/6J mice (Ldlr-/-) | High fat and high cholesterol/13 wk | Administered daily subcutaneously at a dosage of 500 mg/kg of body weight (25 µL/g of body weight) | NRF2 activation, ↑GSH/GSSG ratio, ↑HO-1, GSH-Px | [62] |
Scutellarin | Male C57BL/6 mice, hepaG2 cells | High fat/10 wk | Administration of 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 mg/kg per day | ↑PPARγ, PGC-1α, NRF2, HO-1, NQO1, Keap1, NF-κB | [33] |
Sprague-Dawley rats | High fat/12 wk | Administered orally 50, 100, and 300 mg/kg/d | NRF2, HO-1, NQO1; PI3K/AKT activation | [34] | |
Apigenin | Male C57BL/6J mice | High fat/16 wk | Injected intraperitonially 30 mg/kg daily for 3 wk | NRF2 activation; PPARγ inhibition; SOD, CAT, GSH-Px | [35] |
7,8-dihydroxyflavone | Male wistar rats | High fat, ethanol/12 wk | Administered intraperitonially at 5 mg/kg/d for 4 wk | Amelioration of liver architecture, vescicular changes, infiltration; restored serum biomarkers like AST, ALT, and TC; ↑NRF2; ↓NF-κB | [63] |
Resveratrol | Male C57BL/6 mice | High fat/16 wk | Supplemented with 0.4% resveratrol in HFD for 16 wk | Attenuated liver steatosis; ↑NRF2 activation; attenuated HFD induced methylation of NRF2 promoter; ↓oxidative stress | [68] |
Quecertin | HepG2 cells | - | Treated with quecertin at 5-50 µM concentrations for 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 1080 min | ↑GSH, GSH-Px, GCS; p38-MAPK is involved in NRF2 modulation; ↓oxidative stress | [69] |
Curcumin (1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) | Male C57BL/6 mice | High fat and high fructose/8 wk | Administered orally 50 and 100 mg/kg/d for 4 wk | ↑CYP3A, CYP7A; regulation of NRF2/FXR/LXRα pathway; ↓SREBP-1C, FAS | [70] |
Male Sprague-Dawley rats | High fat/6 wk | Administered orally 50 mg/kg daily for 6 wk | ↓Steatosis and inflammation; ↓Serum aminotransferases, lipids, and insulin resistance; ↓TNF, IL-6, MDA; ↑NRF2, GSH, HO-1, SOD | [71] | |
Oltipraz | Male Fischer 344 rats | Choline-deficient L-amino acid–defined/10 wk | Administered orally at 60 mg/kg/d for 9 wk | ↑NRF2 activation; antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory; ↓AST and ALT; ↑NQO1 gene expression | [61] |
GSTD | HL-7702 cells, male C57BL/6J, male Sprague-Dawley rats | Oleic acid (OA)/24 h, high fat/10 wk; high fat and high cholesterol/10 wk | Cells were treated with GSTD for 24 h, administered orally at 10, 20, 50 mg/kg per day for 10 wk, administered orally at 20, 50 mg/kg per day for 10 wk | ↑NRF2, HO-1, SOD; activate AMPK/NRF2; ↓proinflammatory response, and hepatic steatosis; ↓MDA, ROS | [65] |
NK-252 1-(5-(furan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)urea) | Male Fischer 344 rats | Choline-deficient L-amino acid–defined/10 wk | Administered orally at 20, 60 mg/kg/d for 9 wk | Attenuated histological abnormalities; ↑antifibrotic effects; ↓TGF-β1, collagen α1; NRF2 activation; ↑NQO1 expression | [61] |
Clusterin | Male hCLU-tg mice | MCD/3 wk | Generated hepatocyte-specific clusterin overexpression transgenic mice and fed with MCD diet | ↓Hepatic TGs; less infiltration of macrophages; ↓TNF; ↑NRF2 activation and mRNA of HO-1 | [66] |
Osteocalcin | Male C57/BL6J mice | High fat/12 wk | Injected intraperitonially at concentration 3 ng/µL/d for 12 wk | ↓Hepatic TG accumulation; ↑NRF2 activation; ↑CAT, SOD, GSH-Px; ↓JNK activation | [67] |
Orlistat | Male Sprague-Dawley rats | High fat/12 wk | Administered at 10 mg/kg/d for 12 wk | ↑NRF2 activation; protection against insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and liver injury | [72] |
Garcinia Cambogia | Male C57BL/6N mice | High fat/8 wk | Administered 200, 400 mg/kg/d for 8 wk | ↑NRF2 activation; ↓ROS production; suppressed lipogenic factors C/EBPα and PPARγ; suppressed apoptosis by normalizing Bcl-2/BAX ratio and PARP cleavage | [73] |
HTT | Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3T3-L1 murine embryo fibroblast cells | High fat/4 wk, 3T3-L1 cells treated with FBS/DMEM for 8 d | Administered orally HTT at 350, 700, and 1400 mg/kg/d, 3T3-L1 cells treated with HTT at 500 µg/mL for 24 h or 48 h | ↑NRF2-HO-1 activation, antioxidant activities; HTT inhibited liver weight gain; reduced lipid profile; improved liver function; HTT promoted lipolysis and increased antioxidant activities in 3T3-L1 cells | [74] |
Hesperitin | HepG2 cells, male wistar rats | OA/24 h, high fat/16 wk | Treated cells at 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µM; administered 100 mg/kg in 0.5% CMC-Na | Alleviated hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress by increasing SOD, GSH-Px, GCLC, and HO-1; ↑NRF2 activation; suppressed OA induced inflammation; reduced TC, TGs, and LDLC in a dose-dependent manner | [75] |
Glucoraphanin | Male C57BL/6JSlc mice | High fat/14 wk | Administered 0.3% glucoraphanin orally for 14 wk | Decrease in weight gain; improved insulin resistance; reduced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress; decrease in circulating LPS; ↑NRF2 activation; ↑energy expenditure and; UCP1 protein expression | [76] |
Scutellaria baicalensis extract | Male KK-Ay mice | 1% Orotic acid and 33% sugar/7 d | Supplemented with diet for 7 d | Diminished increase in liver weight; attenuated hepatic steatosis; ↑NRF2 expression; suppress SREBP-1c gene and protein expression | [77] |
Ginkgolide B | Male C57/BL6 ApoE-/--mice, HepG2 cells | High fat/5 wk, 100 µM palmitic acid (PA) and 200 µM OA/24 h | Administered orally at 20, 30, and 1.3 mg/kg/d; treated cells at dosages 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 µg/mL | NRF2 activation; inhibition of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation through NRF2 pathway; increase in HO-1 and GSH-Px4 | [78] |
Scoparone | Male C57BL/6 J mice, AML2 and RAW264.7 cells | MCD/4 wk; AML12/300 µM PA and RAW264.7/10 µM/ Chloroquine | Administered daily intraperitonially for 4 wk at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg; AML12 and RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with scoparone for 2 h | Ameliorated hepatic inflammation; improved hepatic autophagy; suppressed inflammation by inhibiting ROS/P38/NRF2 axis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway | [79] |
DA | Male C57BL/6J mice, HL7702 cells | High fat/12 wk, 0.6 mM OA/24 h | Administered by gavage at 10 and 20 mg/kg/d for 9 wk; treated with 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 µM DA | Ameliorated liver ferroptosis in mice and cells; improved oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in vivo; ↑NRF2-HO-1 expression; ↑GSH, GSH-Px4 | [80] |
Silibinin | Male C57BL/6 mice, NCTC-1469 cells | MCD/6 wk, OA plus PA/24 h | Administered by gavage at 10 and 20 mg/kg/d for 6 wk, 0.25 mM/L PA and 0.5 mM/L OA/24 h | Prevented CFLAR-JNK pathway; ↑β-oxidation and efflux of fatty acids; ↑expression of CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, and HO-1; ↓expression of CYP2E1 and CYP4A; ↑NRF2 activation | [81] |
Chicoric acid | Male C57BL/6 mice | High fat/9 wk | Administered by gavage at 15 and 30 mg/kg/d for 9 wk | Attenuated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation; alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress; suppressed hepatic inflammation and NF-κB pathway; ↑NRF2/Keap1 activation; improved gut microbiota | [82] |
Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-A1 | Male C57BL/6J mice | High fat/16 wk | Administered intraperitonially 2 mg/kg/d for 7 wk | ↑NRF2/ARE activation; improved lipid homeostasis; ↑ATP production; improved mitochondrial biogenesis; ameliorated oxidative stress | [83] |
- Citation: Bukke VN, Moola A, Serviddio G, Vendemiale G, Bellanti F. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated signaling and metabolic associated fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28(48): 6909-6921
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v28/i48/6909.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6909