Dickkopf-related protein 1/cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 signaling activation by Helicobacter pylori-induced activator protein-1 promotes gastric tumorigenesis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Figure 3 Immunohistochemistry for JUN and dickkopf-related protein 1 in gerbil stomach infected with Helicobacterpylori and gastric cancer tissues. A: Immunohistochemical analysis of JUN and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) proteins in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected gerbil stomach tissues at 3 mo, 6 mo, 12 mo, and 24 mo post-infection (n = 3). Dot diagrams show the quantification of JUN and DKK1 staining in immunohistochemical samples. Nine sections were chosen randomly from three different samples and used to determine mean ± SD of the immunohistochemistry (IHC) score, which was calculated as described in the methods. Scale bar = 100 μm. ^cP < 0.001; B: DKK1 expression and survival analysis in gastric cancer patients from the TCGA-STAD dataset. ^dP < 0.0001; C: Representative images of immunohistochemical staining of JUN and DKK1 proteins in human gastric cancer specimens. Dot diagrams show the quantitation of JUN and DKK1 staining. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data from 12 clinical samples of gastric cancer patients are expressed as mean ± SD. ^cP < 0.001. DKK1: Dickkopf-related protein 1; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.