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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2022; 28(46): 6497-6511
Published online Dec 14, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i46.6497
Published online Dec 14, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i46.6497
Table 2 Screening methods for colorectal cancer
Ref. | Screening methods | |
[18-20] | Stool tests | Kit-based technique; guaiac-based fecal occult blood test uses guaiac to detect heme; FIT uses antibody to detect hemoglobin in stool; FIT-DNA test detects hemoglobin and DNA biomarkers in the stool |
Non-invasive, low cost, colon cleansing is not required, non-bleeding tumors cannot be detected | ||
[21,22] | Flexible sigmoidoscopy | Flexible tube with light, lens for viewing and tool for removing tissue; rectum and lower third of the colon screened to detect polyps, cancer or other abnormalities |
Sedation is required; accurate detection if polyps and cancers are present; unable to detect polyps or any abnormalities present in cecum, ascending colon hepatic flexure, or on transverse colon; colon cleansing is required | ||
[23,24] | Colonoscopy | Flexible tube light with a lens for seeing and a tool for excising the abnormal tissue; entire colon and rectum are screened for cancer by inserting the colonoscope through anus |
Sedation is required; visualization of entire inner lining of the colon and rectum; minute polyps can be detected; sedation may lead to bleeding or tear of the intestinal wall; sedation may lead to bleeding or tear of the intestinal wall | ||
[25-27] | Computed tomography colonography | X-ray based computed tomography scanner captures two- and three-dimensional images of the entire colon; computer assembles these pictures into detailed images |
Sedation is not required in this method; non-invasive; colon cleansing is not essential; may miss small polyps | ||
[28] | Double-contrast barium enema | X-ray images are then captured by introducing barium sulphate enema |
Examination of the whole colon and the rectum; sedation is not required; for the patient who cannot undergo standard colonscopy, this method is useful; colon cleansing is very necessary for this method; otherwise, it will give false positive results |
- Citation: Gogoi P, Kaur G, Singh NK. Nanotechnology for colorectal cancer detection and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28(46): 6497-6511
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v28/i46/6497.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i46.6497