Epidemiology of liver cirrhosis and associated complications: Current knowledge and future directions

Table 2 Epidemiology of cirrhosis in specific at-risk populations

Ref.	Country	Study population	Study period	Diagnostic methods	Presented data
[13]	US	825 adults with type 2 diabetes who had reliable TE results from the NHANES	2017-2018	TE	Prevalence: 7.7%
[14]	US	Patients with NAFLD from the NHANES	2017-2018	TE	Prevalence: 4.4%
[15]	US	3115 HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-positive subjects from the NHANES	2001-2018	FIB-4	Cirrhosis/advanced liver fibrosis prevalence: 3.76%
[16]	13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa	HBV-infected population	2012-2019	TE, APRI and Fibrotest	Prevalence: 4.1% in primary care or the general population and 12.7% in referral or tertiary care settings
[17]	Spain	501 biopsy-proven NASH patients with paired TE data from tertiary centers	2015-2020	TE	Prevalence: 0.70%
[18]	Korea	27629 adults with MHO or MUHO from the KNHANES	2015-2019	Self-report survey or by an AST level ≥ 23.5 IU/L	Prevalence: 0.5% and 0.4% in MHO and MUHO, respectively
[19]	US	3386 patients with NAFLD in the TARGET-NASH study	2016-2019	Pragmatic case definitions	Prevalence: 22.6% in lean patients
[21]	Italy	6193 older subjects admitted to acute medical wards and included in the REPOSI registry	2010-2018	ICD-9 code	Prevalence: 5%
[22]	10 countries in the world	320777 dialysis patients	1980-2019	TE, histopathology, radiology, and ICD codes	Prevalence: 5%
[36]	NR	902 patients with a Fontan circulation	NR	NR	Cumulative incidence: 27.5%
[39]	Japan	1260 patients who underwent the Fontan procedure and survived to discharge from 9 institutions	From before 2011 to 2021 (median10.2 of years follow-up)	Biopsy or imaging or extrahepatic features	Cumulative incidence at 10, 20, and 30 years after the Fontan procedure: 0.9%, 11.6%, and 25.7%, respectively
[41]	Italy	All adults aged 30 years or older without cirrhosis in Rome	From 2001 follow up to 2015	A validated algorithm	Crude incidence rate: 67 per 100000 person-years

US: United States; TE: Transient elastography; NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBcAb: Hepatitis B core antibody; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; APRI: Aspartate transferase-to-platelet ratio index; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; MHO: Metabolically healthy obesity; MUHO: Metabolically unhealthy obesity; KNHANES: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; AST: Aspartate transferase; IU/L: International unit per liter; REPOSI: Registro Politerapia Società Italiana di Medicina Interna; NR: Not recorded.