Epidemiology of liver cirrhosis and associated complications: Current knowledge and future directions

Table 1 Recent local epidemiological data on liver cirrhosis in the general population

Ref.	Country	Study population	Study period	Diagnostic methods	Presented data
[9]	US	7297435 patients with a GI diagnosis in a commercial insurance database	2016-2018	ICD-10 code	Nonalcoholic cirrhosis prevalence: 0.389%; average inpatient cost: 43733 dollars; annualized total costs: 53214 dollars
[10]	Germany	All hospital admissions (248085936 patients)	2005-2018	ICD-10 code	Prevalence: 0.94%
[11]	Japan	488 randomly selected individuals underwent fatty liver and advanced fibrosis screening	From October to November 2020	Liver stiffness measurement	Prevalence: 1%
[12]	US	Adult patients in a commercial medical claims database	2018	ICD-9 or ICD-10 code	Prevalence: 0.21%
[28]	China	503993 participants prospectively included in China Kadoorie Biobank	2004-2008 (10 years of follow-up)	ICD-10 code	Incidence: 756.4 and 397.4 per 100000 among diabetic patients and nondiabetic patients, respectively
[30]	Korea	Adult patients in the HIRA-NPS database	2012-2016	ICD-9 code	Alcoholic cirrhosis incident cases: 7295 cases
[31]	Sweden	All patients at Halland Hospital	2011-2018	ICD-10 code and SNOMED code	Age-standardized incidence: 23.2 per 100000 person-years
[32]	Korea	Adult patients in the NHIS database	2011-2015	KCD-7 code	Primary biliary cirrhosis average annual cumulative incidence: 68.32 cases per 10000000
[33]	Canada	Adult patients in the ICES databases	1997-2016	ICD-10 code	Age-standardized incidence: 70.6 in 1997 and 89.6 per 100000 person-years in 2016
[34]	Canada	Children in the ICES databases	1997-2017	ICES-validated algorithm	Age- and sex-adjusted incidence: 2.7 in 1997 and 10.6 per 100000 person-years in 2017
[44]	US	NIS	2003-2017	ICD-10 code	Alcoholic cirrhosis deaths in women: 14330 cases
[45]	Mexico	National Institute of Statistics and Geography	2000-2017	ICD-10 code	Alcoholic cirrhosis mortality rate: From 20.55 to 10.62 per 100000
[54]	US	Adult patients in the NIS	2008-2014	ICD-9 code	Hospitalization costs: 7.37 billion dollars in 2014

US: United States; ICD: International classification of diseases; HIRA-NPS: Health insurance review and assessment-national patient samples; SNOMED: Systematized nomenclature of medicine; NHIS: National Health Insurance Service; KCD: Korean standard classification of diseases; ICES: Institute for clinical evaluative sciences; NIS: National inpatient sample.