Serum metabolic profiling of targeted bile acids reveals potentially novel biomarkers for primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis

Figure 1 Multivariate statistical analysis on serum profiling data in positive ions between primary biliary cholangitis and control. A: Plots of principal component analysis (PCA) in positive ion mode. (1) Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC); (2) Control; and (3) Quality control (QC); B: Scatter plots of partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with a positive model of serum from patients with PBC, autoimmune hepatitis and healthy controls. (1) PBC; (2) Control; and (3) QC; C: Validation plot of the original PLS-DA with a positive model, strongly indicating that the original model is valid and shows signs of overfitting. The permutation test was repeated 200 times in the cross-validation plot.