Serum metabolic profiling of targeted bile acids reveals potentially novel biomarkers for primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis

Table 4 Potential serum biomarkers for autoimmune hepatitis compared to healthy control

Name	VIP	MZ	Time	AIH/control
				t-test	Fold change (A/C)
ESI+
Taurodeoxycholic acid	1.900	500.3033	10.598	0.000	8.791
Glycodeoxycholate	1.912	450.3207	12.146	0.000	5.217
L-Urobilin	1.442	595.3484	7.835	0.007	5.164
Sphinganine	2.308	302.3052	12.792	0.000	4.509
Phytosphingosine	2.344	318.2999	10.734	0.000	4.118
I-Urobilin	1.454	591.3169	7.628	0.006	3.661
Bilirubin	1.876	585.2701	10.218	0.000	3.578
Kynurenine	2.279	209.0919	1.944	0.000	0.592
L-Threonine	1.446	120.0655	0.708	0.007	0.386
L-Phenylalanine	1.551	166.0860	2.037	0.004	0.262
Urea	1.160	61.0395	0.730	0.032	0.113
12-Ketodeoxycholic acid	1.125	391.2842	15.210	0.037	-0.270
Uric acid	1.208	169.0354	1.035	0.025	-0.265
Pyroglutamic acid	2.489	130.0499	1.029	0.000	-0.517
ESI-
Taurocholic acid	1.605	514.281	9.146	0.000	7.368
LysoPC [18:3 (6Z, 9Z, 12Z)]	1.454	516.306	13.057	0.000	6.614
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid	1.807	498.286	10.456	0.000	5.151
Glycocholic Acid	1.961	464.299	9.957	0.000	3.946
LysoPE [20:3 (11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/0:0]	1.807	500.295	10.456	0.000	3.670
LysoPE [0:0/20:2 (11Z, 14Z)]	1.234	504.307	14.333	0.001	-0.471
Lactic acid	1.489	89.024	0.938	0.000	-0.489
Hypoxanthine	1.380	135.031	0.886	0.000	-0.562
CPA (16:0/0:0)	1.629	391.224	26.118	0.000	-2.159
MG [0:0/18:4 (6Z, 9Z, 12Z, 15Z)/0:0]	1.771	349.237	8.969	0.000	-2.464

AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; VIP: Variable importance in the projection.