Serum metabolic profiling of targeted bile acids reveals potentially novel biomarkers for primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis

Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled population in the metabolic profiling study

Clinical parameters	PBC (n = 54)	AIH (n = 26)	Control (n = 30)	P value (PBC vs control)	P value (AIH vs control)	P value (PBC vs AIH)
Age (mean, range) (yr), n	56 (38-73)	54.6 (17-75)	54.9(34-70)	0.922	0.805	0.890
Sex (Male/Female), n	7/47	3/23	4/26	-	-	-
AST (U/L) median, range	113.3 (14-1300)	168.8 (23-961)	23.3 (7-38)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.423
ALT (U/L) median, range	95.9 (12-734)	153.3 (10-780)	19.0 (7-39)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.125
ALP (U/L) median, range	292.4 (55-953)	240.1 (46-795)	73.6 (32-116)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.123
γ-GT (U/L) median, range	299.4 (32-1631)	245.2 (26-957)	21.1 (9-77)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.377
TBA (μmol/L) median, range	60.0 (2.7-295.7)	126.0 (1.1-1335)	-	-	-	0.696
TBiL (μmol/L) median, range	65.5 (5.6-825.8)	89.1 (6.5-543.9)	10.9 (6.3-19.5)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.481
DBIL (μmol/L) median range	35.9 (2.4-407.4)	52.9 (2.1-300.8)	3.3 (0.4-6)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.648
Liver cirrhosis (%)	65 (35/54)	62 (16/26)	-	-	-	-
Liver biopsy (%)	18 (10/54)	53 (14/26)	-	-	-	-
Positive of AMA (%)	81 (44/54)	0 (0/26)	-	-	-	-
Positive of ANA (%)	61 (33/54)	100 (26/26)	-	-	-	-

PBC: Primary biliary cirrhosis; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; AST: Aspartatetransaminase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; γ-GT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; TBiL: Totalbilirubin; DBiL: Direct bilirubin; TBA: Total bile acid; AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibody; ANA: Anti-nuclear antibody. All data are presented as median and range. Statistically significant differences between controls and patients were determined by the rank sums Mann-Whitney.